Transforming the Concept of Memory Reactivation

Favila, Serra E.; Lee, Hongmi; Kuhl, Brice A.

doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.006

Cited by 80 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Although our findings do not argue against the idea that reactivation occurs-and our experimental design did not directly test for reactivation-our findings support the emerging idea of systematic differences in the cortical location of content representations during memory encoding versus memory retrieval. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In particular, our findings are consistent with recent arguments of a spatial transformation wherein representations initially encoded by visual cortex are systematically re-expressed in parietal cortex during memory retrieval. [9][10][11] More broadly, our findings are also consistent with the idea that the AnG plays an important role in processing internally generated information, 31 which might include memories, 11,28 thoughts, 32 or even simulations of future events.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…11,28,36 Why does ventral parietal cortex preferentially represent content retrieved from memory as compared to content encoded from the current environment? Although there are multiple potential accounts of such biases (for detailed consideration of these accounts, see Favila et al 14 ), one account that is particularly consistent with the present results is that a bias toward retrieved content is the result of strong connectivity with-or drive fromthe hippocampus. 7,14 This account is motivated by evidence that the default mode network, of which the AnG is a core component, is functionally coupled with the hippocampus, 37,38 particularly during memory retrieval.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Although there are multiple potential accounts of such biases (for detailed consideration of these accounts, see Favila et al 14 ), one account that is particularly consistent with the present results is that a bias toward retrieved content is the result of strong connectivity with-or drive fromthe hippocampus. 7,14 This account is motivated by evidence that the default mode network, of which the AnG is a core component, is functionally coupled with the hippocampus, 37,38 particularly during memory retrieval. 39,40 Here, we provide direct and unique support for this account by demonstrating, within a single experimental paradigm, that (1) patterns of activity in the AnG exhibited a bias toward representing retrieved content over encoded content and (2) evoked responses in the AnG were more strongly correlated with responses in the hippocampus during memory retrieval than during memory encoding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Interestingly, instructions did not have any influence on univariate responses in the hippocampus or cortical MTL ROIs, nor did any of these ROIs support successful classification of memory states ( Figures S4A and S4B). However, given the putative role of the hippocampus in establishing memory states 15,16,29 and given the proposal that parietal regions exhibit a bias toward representing retrieved content because of their connectivity with the hippocampus, 14 we conducted a beta series correlation 30 to test whether connectivity between the hippocampus and cortical targets (visual versus ventral parietal regions) differed for encode versus retrieve trials. Specifically, we correlated trial-level beta values in CA1 and CA23/DG with each visual and ventral parietal ROI, separately for encode and retrieve instruction trials.…”

Section: A B C Figure 2 Stimulus-specific Representations Across Cormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cortical Representations of Visual Stimuli Shift Locations with Changes in Memory States

Long

Kuhl

2021

Current Biology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: A B C Figure 2 Stimulus-specific Representations Across Cormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cortical Representations of Visual Stimuli Shift Locations with Changes in Memory States

Long

Kuhl

2021

Current Biology

Self Cite

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“…Lee, Chun, & Kuhl, 2016). Their role in WM is not well understood (Favila, Lee, & Kuhl, 2020;Favila et al, 2018;Xiao et al, 2017). Lastly, we took advantage of our experimental design to test whether the reinstated information in these regions is identical between WM and LTM or if the feature-specific information is maintained via different representational format.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared long-term and short-term memory representational formats in occipital and parietal cortex

Sutterer

Foster

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Current theories propose that the short-term retention of information in working memory (WM) and the recall of information from long-term memory (LTM) are supported by overlapping neural mechanisms in occipital and parietal cortex. Both are thought to rely on reinstating patterns of sensory activity evoked by the perception of the remembered item. However, the extent of the shared representations between WM and LTM are unclear, and it is unknown how WM and LTM representations may differ across cortical regions. We designed a spatial memory task that allowed us to directly compare the representations of remembered spatial information in WM and LTM. Critically, we carefully matched the precision of behavioral responses in these tasks. We used fMRI and multivariate pattern analyses to examine representations in (1) retinotopic cortex and (2) lateral parietal cortex (LPC) regions previously implicated in LTM. We show that visual memories were represented in a sensory-like code in both tasks across retinotopic regions in occipital and parietal cortex. LPC regions also encoded remembered locations in both WM and LTM, but in a format that differed from the sensory-evoked activity. These results suggest a striking correspondence in the format of WM and LTM representations across occipital and parietal cortex. On the other hand, we show that activity patterns in nearly all parietal regions, but not occipital regions, contained information that could discriminate between WM trials and LTM trials. Our data provide new evidence for theories of memory systems and the representation of mnemonic content.

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Representational formats of human memory traces

et al. 2023

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Neural representations are internal brain states that constitute the brain’s model of the external world or some of its features. In the presence of sensory input, a representation may reflect various properties of this input. When perceptual information is no longer available, the brain can still activate representations of previously experienced episodes due to the formation of memory traces. In this review, we aim at characterizing the nature of neural memory representations and how they can be assessed with cognitive neuroscience methods, mainly focusing on neuroimaging. We discuss how multivariate analysis techniques such as representational similarity analysis (RSA) and deep neural networks (DNNs) can be leveraged to gain insights into the structure of neural representations and their different representational formats. We provide several examples of recent studies which demonstrate that we are able to not only measure memory representations using RSA but are also able to investigate their multiple formats using DNNs. We demonstrate that in addition to slow generalization during consolidation, memory representations are subject to semantization already during short-term memory, by revealing a shift from visual to semantic format. In addition to perceptual and conceptual formats, we describe the impact of affective evaluations as an additional dimension of episodic memories. Overall, these studies illustrate how the analysis of neural representations may help us gain a deeper understanding of the nature of human memory.

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Transforming the Concept of Memory Reactivation

Cited by 80 publications

References 108 publications

Cortical Representations of Visual Stimuli Shift Locations with Changes in Memory States

Cortical Representations of Visual Stimuli Shift Locations with Changes in Memory States

Shared long-term and short-term memory representational formats in occipital and parietal cortex

Representational formats of human memory traces

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