Transforming response measures to remove interactions or other sources of variance

Bogartz, Richard S.; Wackwitz, John H.

doi:10.3758/bf03337434

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It has been suggested that a strict adding model should have been applied to the main data of the date-rating experiment. The observed interactions then would be interpreted as an artifact of a merely ordinal response scale, to be eliminated by appropriate monotone transformation (Anderson, 1962b;Bogartz & Wackwitz, 1970;Kruskal, 1965). This same argument holds more generally for the averaging analysis of Application 4.…”

Section: Differential Weighted Averagingmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Conceptually, the response scaling feature (Anderson, 1962b(Anderson, , 1970aBogartz & Wackwitz, 1970) is essential to functional measurement. The logic of this approach rests on "using the postulated behavior laws to induce a scaling on the dependent variable" (Anderson, 1962b).…”

Section: Functional Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This same argument holds more generally for the averaging analysis of Application 4. A convergence interaction could reflect a nonlinear output function (Bogartz & Wackwitz, 1970) rather than a real averaging effect. Because of their simplicity, strict adding models have been favorites in abstract measurement theory, and they have many mathematically convenient properties.…”

Section: Differential Weighted Averagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For if the ostensible stimulus scale is not equal interval, then a linear function of the true subjective values will appear to be nonlinear. Similarly, apparent configurality may not represent true interaction but only an inappropriate response scale (Anderson, 1961a(Anderson, , 1962bBogartz & Wackwitz, 1970). Without a theory of measurement to support the scaling assumptions, interpretations in terms of nonlinearity or configurality rest on uncertain ground.…”

Section: Regression-correlation Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Integration theory and attitude change.

Anderson¹

1971

Psychological Review

770

509

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A theory of information integration is applied to attitudes and social judgments, based on a principle of information integration. For quantitative analysis, a simple but general algebraic model of judgment is used, in which each informational stimulus is characterized by two parameters, scale value and weight. Functional measurement procedures are employed to derive equal-interval scales of parameter values. Exact tests based on analysis of variance are given for four applications of the model, and these applications are reconsidered under the further restriction imposed by the averaging hypothesis. Qualitative comparisons are made to several other theories of attitude change. Tendencies toward balance and congruity are shown to be consequences of the principle of information integration. Critical tests between integration theory, and balance and congruity theories are also suggested. Similar comparisons are made to summation theory, logical-consistency theory, assimilation-contrast theory, and similarity-attraction theory. Molar and molecular analyses of communication structure are considered briefly and the analysis of inconsistency resolution within integration theory is also discussed. Finally, it is noted that integration theory has had reasonable success in the areas of learning, perception, judgment, decision making, and personality impressions, as well as attitude change. It may thus provide a beginning to a unified general theory.Attitude change stands out from most continually impinge on the person, in life areas of experimental psychology in the or in the laboratory, and he must integrate nature of its stimuli. In even the simplest them with one another as well as with his investigations of attitudes and opinions, prior opinions and attitudes. Social judgthe stimuli typically carry information at a ments are typically based on a cumulation cognitive level not often reached in other of various pieces of information, sometimes areas of research. Informational stimuli of the most diverse nature. Factual and !This work was supported by grants from the hearsay evidence, rumors, prestige associ-National Science Foundation (GB-6666) and the ations, gesture and appearance, may all a^lS'the SSal tt>» Menfaf bear on the final attitude. Information in-Health to the Center for Human Information Pro-tegration is thus fundamental in attitude cessing,

show abstract

Section: Differential Weighted Averagingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Functional Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differential Weighted Averagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regression-correlation Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Integration theory and attitude change.

Anderson¹

1971

Psychological Review

770

509

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Routine methods would be the use of a power series expansion (Anderson, 1962b), or Kruskal's (1965) general computing routine. An important recent analysis has been made by Bogartz and Wackwitz (1970) who have also considered nonmonotonic transformations. In many cases, however, a transformation based on inspection of the data (e.g., Anderson & Jacobson, 1968;Parducci, Thaler, & Anderson, 1968) would probably be most efficient.…”

Section: Model Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional measurement and psychophysical judgment.

Anderson¹

1970

Psychological Review

579

272

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Functional measurement theory is applied to four experimental situations in psychophysical scaling. Two judgment models are considered: additive and multiplicative. These are first applied to a psychophysical averaging task and to a ratio estimation task in which the numerical response is assumed to be a valid and proper measure of subjective magnitude. It is shown that factorial designs and analysis of variance procedures not only provide tests of the models but also scales of the independent, stimulus variables. Next multisection (including bisection) and ratio setting tasks are considered. For these, the response is on the physical stimulus scale, and this is not in general an adequate psychological scale. However, the monotone rescaling procedure of functional measurement provides a way to get a valid scale of the dependent, response variable. A robust method for distinguishing between the log and power versions of the psychophysical law is also obtained. Finally, it is argued that the experimental base of traditional psychophysical scaling with direct, numerical response methods is inherently too narrow to support a solution to its problems. Tasks based on psychophysical information integration provide a broader and potentially simpler approach to scaling. In this approach, the psychophysical law appears as a by-product of the substantive development.1 This paper was written during my tenure as Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, and was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant GB-6666. I wish to thank R. M. Dawes, D. M. Green, A. Parducci, and D. J. Weiss for helpful comments, and J. L. Zinnes for a careful reading of an earlier draft. It is a special pleasure for me to record here my indebtedness to C. J. Burke who introduced me to measurement problems, and to whom I owe the empiricist orientation to measurement theory that underlies this paper.

show abstract

Formal Representation of Qualitative and Quantitative Reversible Operations

Surber¹

1987

Springer Series in Cognitive Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transforming response measures to remove interactions or other sources of variance

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Integration theory and attitude change.

Integration theory and attitude change.

Functional measurement and psychophysical judgment.

Formal Representation of Qualitative and Quantitative Reversible Operations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About