Transforming potency of flavoring agents in Chinese hamster cells.

Abstract

s･･････To investigate the transforming potency of flavoring agents, Chinese hamster (CH) B241 cells were treated with various concentrations of flayoring agents for 24 hours during their exponential growth period. Suryiving cells were cultivated for generations without the agents to observe the appearance of growth properties characteristic of transformed cells. Highly increased rates of structural and numerical chromosome abnormalities were seen in the eells treated with a high concentration of the agents, especially with allylisothiocyanate <AITC) or ,tr-cinnamic aldehyde (CA). During subsequent passages of the treated cells, the suryiyors from treatment with sublethal doses of AITC or CA showed a significant increase in cloning efficiency in soft agar medium, especially after passage in soft agar. Also noted was all increase in saturatio" density in monolayer culture, though a significant increase in plating efficiency at low serum leyel was not observed. These characteristic changes in AITCor CA-treated eells were associated with the significant inerease in frequencies of cells containing almost 3n to 4" chromosomes.

Scientific Opinion on the safety of allyl isothiocyanate for the proposed uses as a food additive

“…The results observed in vitro in chromosomal aberration assays were not consistent. An induction of chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells which were exposed to AITC concentrations up to 10 nmol/l (0.99 ng/ml) without metabolic activation was reported by Kasamaki et al (1982) and Kasamaki and Urasawa (1985). In other studies in which concentrations up to 5 or 3 µg/ml were tested, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations was only weakly increased in presence and absence of metabolic activation (Galloway et al, 1987) or no increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations was observed while these AITC concentrations resulted in cytotoxicity (Musk et al, 1995).…”

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 68 (FGE.68): Consideration of cinnamyl alcohol and related flavouring agents evaluated by JECFA (55th meeting) structurally related to aryl-substituted saturated and unsaturated primary alcohol/aldehyde/ac

“…A dose-dependent increase in the frequency of sister chromatid exchange was reported only when cultures were pre-treated with mitomycin C (Sasaki et al, 1989); however, the activity in conjunction with mitomycin contributes little to an evaluation of potential sister chromatid exchange activity. Cinnamaldehyde at concentrations < 15 µg/ml was reported to induce chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster fibroblasts and B241 cells tested with and without metabolic activation EFSA Journal 2009; 7(11):1032 (Kasamaki et al, 1982;Ishidate et al, 1984;Kasamaki & Urasawa, 1985). However, higher concentrations did not induce chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells in the presence or absence of metabolic activation in a well-conducted, repeated assay (Galloway et al, 1987a).…”

Flavouring Group Evaluation 214: alpha, beta‐Unsaturated aldehydes and precursors from chemical subgroup 3.1 of FGE.19: Cinnamyl derivatives

“…The EFSA Journal (2009) 880, 21-27 (Kasamaki & Urasawa, 1985) Valid (unusual cell line). (Neudecker et al, 1983) Limited validity (only one strain tested).…”