Transforming nature into the next generation of bio-based flexible devices: New avenues using deep eutectic systems

Mota‐Morales, Josué D.; Morales‐Narváez, Eden

doi:10.1016/j.matt.2021.05.009

Cited by 57 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…[28] Under this scenario, eutectogels, an emerging class of ionic materials that have just been developed very recently, offer unique opportunities for creating novel flexible bioelectronics. [29,30] In these soft conductors, the liquid phase is a deep eutectic solvent (DES), sharing many of the features of the ILs like high thermal stability and ionic conductivity, but benefiting from easy preparation, low cost, and noncytotoxicity. [31][32][33] Up to now, only a few examples of purely ionic conductive eutectogels for bioelectronics have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Eutectogels for 3D‐Printable Wearable Sensors and Bioelectrodes

Picchio

Gallastegui

Casado

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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like poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly( styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), stand out for this application due to their enhanced charge storage and coupled transport properties. [2][3][4] These functional materials are commonly used for recording physiological signals, assessing biochemical information, and electrical stimulation/ modulation. Ionic-electronic conductive hydrogels are another important family of soft conductors that have been broadly explored in healthcare technologies due to their similarities to biological tissues and tunability in terms of electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties. [5] In particular, natural biopolymers-based hydrogels are attractive platforms for wearable devices as they combine inherent renewable, non-toxic features, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. [6,7] Several examples of natural biopolymers have been reported as promising building blocks in stretchable devices, including cellulose, [8][9][10] chitosan, [11][12][13] alginate, [14][15][16] silk fibroin, [17,18] and gelatin. [19][20][21] Unfortunately, these conductive hydrogels fail in long-lasting signals recording due to the continuous water evaporation in open-air sensors and bioelectrodes. At this point, ionic liquid Eutectogels are a new class of soft ion conductive materials that are attracting attention as an alternative to conventional hydrogels and costly ionic liquid gels to build wearable sensors and bioelectrodes. Herein, the first example of mixed ionic and electronic conductive eutectogels showing high adhesion, flexibility, nonvolatility, and reversible low-temperature gel transition for 3D printing manufacturing is reporting. The eutectogels consist of choline chloride/glycerol deep eutectic solvent, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): lignin sulfonate, and gelatin as the biocompatible polymer matrix. These soft materials are flexible and stretchable, show high ionic and electronic conductivities of 7.3 and 8.7 mS cm −1 , respectively, and have high adhesion energy. Due to this unique combination of properties, they could be applied as strain sensors to precisely detect physical movements. Furthermore, these soft mixed ionic electronic conductors possess excellent capacity as conformal electrodes to record epidermal physiological signals, such as electrocardiograms and electromyograms, over a long time.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101680.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Eutectogels for 3D‐Printable Wearable Sensors and Bioelectrodes

Picchio

Gallastegui

Casado

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Deep eutectic systems (DESs) are a family of sustainable reaction media composed of mixtures of pairs of hydrogen acceptors and donors that exhibit a significant melting point depression, i.e., with a composition corresponding to a eutectic point. , The DESs have gained considerable attention as designer solvents as they allow many chemical reactions to occur in a nonaqueous environment while exhibiting unusual solvation capabilities, and tunability in terms of viscosity and polarity. − Taking advantage of their extended network of hydrogen bonds and acidic components, various DESs have been used for CNC processing and its surface modification. − Similarly, the presence of the quaternary ammonium salt choline chloride in a nonaqueous DES allowed the seedless synthesis of anisotropic AuNPs (e.g., multibranched and stars) with the aid of l -ascorbic acid as the reducing agent. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Eutectic Solvent-Enabled Plasmonic Nanocellulose Aerogel: On-Demand Three-Dimensional (3D) SERS Hotspot Based on Collapsing Mechanism

et al. 2022

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Exceptional surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can be achieved by on-demand mechanisms mediated by the formation of three-dimensional (3D) network supporting hotspots. Herein, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) is used to fabricate plasmonic aerogels as sustainable SERS substrates consisting of different gold nanoparticle (AuNP) heterostructures synthesized in the presence of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). This analytical approach is based on the AuNPs 3D arrangement within the CNC matrix, where the transient inter-CNCs interactions collapse after loading with the analyte aqueous solution, forming hotspots on demand. Theoretical calculations support the on-demand SERS mechanism, which consists of the hotspot formation by bringing the AuNPs closer upon activation with the liquid sample loading. To evaluate the plasmonic aerogel performance as a sensing platform, the organophosphorus pesticides edifenphos and parathion were tested in rice and tea extracts. Also, the detection of Methylene Blue in fish muscle extract resulted in a detection limit of 9.8 nM. The results demonstrate that the 3D plasmonic aerogel exhibits significantly higher SERS enhancement and sensitivity when compared to conventional 2D SERS substrates. The use of a green designer solvent, biobased ingredients, and the introduction of on-demand SERS-based sensing pave the way for further developments in the analysis of liquid samples within a sustainable framework.

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“…Most wearable devices fabricated from synthetic polymers are designed as single use or with a limited lifetime, which, combined with the difficulty in recycling advanced polymers, makes polymers poorly sustainable. In response, researchers are pushing the frontiers of green polymer chemistry to create a new generation of soft functional materials 38 .…”

Section: Assembling Wearable Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-to-end design of wearable sensors

et al. 2022

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Wearable devices provide an alternative pathway to clinical diagnostics by exploiting various physical, chemical and biological sensors to mine physiological (biophysical and/or biochemical) information in real time (preferably, continuously) and in a non-invasive or minimally invasive manner. These sensors can be worn in the form of glasses, jewellery, face masks, wristwatches, fitness bands, tattoo-like devices, bandages or other patches, and textiles. Wearables such as smartwatches have already proved their capability for the early detection and monitoring of the progression and treatment of various diseases, such as COVID-19 and Parkinson disease, through biophysical signals. Next-generation wearable sensors that enable the multimodal and/or multiplexed measurement of physical parameters and biochemical markers in real time and continuously could be a transformative technology for diagnostics, allowing for high-resolution and time-resolved historical recording of the health status of an individual. In this Review, we examine the building blocks of such wearable sensors, including the substrate materials, sensing mechanisms, power modules and decision-making units, by reflecting on the recent developments in the materials, engineering and data science of these components. Finally, we synthesize current trends in the field to provide predictions for the future trajectory of wearable sensors.

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Transforming nature into the next generation of bio-based flexible devices: New avenues using deep eutectic systems

Cited by 57 publications

References 188 publications

Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Eutectogels for 3D‐Printable Wearable Sensors and Bioelectrodes

Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Eutectogels for 3D‐Printable Wearable Sensors and Bioelectrodes

Deep Eutectic Solvent-Enabled Plasmonic Nanocellulose Aerogel: On-Demand Three-Dimensional (3D) SERS Hotspot Based on Collapsing Mechanism

End-to-end design of wearable sensors

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