“…They concluded that prediction of outcome was a function of treatment, but only as an additive function of patient, relationship and patienttreatment variables. Other studies have been typical of the exploratory, small-scale research described by Roth and Fonagy (1996) and Salkovskis (1985) to develop theory, practise techniques and investigate outcomes (e.g., Besa, 1994;Coulehan, Friedlander, & Heatherington, 1998;DiLollo, Neimeyer & Manning, 2002;Elliot, Loewenthal, & Greenwood, 2007;Kogan & Gale, 1997;May, 2005;O'Connor, Meakes, Pickering, & Schuman, 1997). Within such research, attention to process as well as outcomes is important as it allows the identifi cation of 'the active ingredients of psychotherapy and the mechanisms of change' (Kopta, Lueger, Saunders, & Howard, 1999, p. 7).…”