Transforming growth factor-α immunoreactivity in the developing and adult brain

Ferrer, Isidre; Blanco, Rosa; Carulla, Marià; Condom, M.; Alcántara, Soledad; Olivé, Montse; Planas, Anna M.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)00584-r

Cited by 66 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Thus, the pattern of associations found in our study parallels the pattern of callosal connections found in the macaque brain. This finding suggests that the development of positive associations between homotopic regions may be critically dependent on mutually trophic influences that are mediated by callosal connections (Caviness and Takahashi, 1995;Ferrer et al, 1995;Herrup and Busser, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to this view, the gray matter density in different regions should not covary across individuals once differences attributable to overall brain size have been accounted for. An alternative possibility is that related regions covary in density as a result of mutually trophic influences (Ferrer et al, 1995) or common experience-related plasticity (Draganski et al, 2004;Mechelli et al, 2004). This hypothesis is supported by the observation that related components of the visual system (i.e., optic tract, lateral geniculate nucleus, and primary visual cortex) covary in volume across individuals (Andrews et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Structural Covariance in the Human Cortex

Mechelli¹,

Friston²,

Frackowiak³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

565

473

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The morphology of the human cortex varies remarkably across individuals, regardless of overall brain size. It is currently unclear whether related cortical regions covary in gray matter density, as a result of mutually trophic influences or common experience-related plasticity. We acquired a structural magnetic resonance imaging scan from 172 subjects and extracted the regional gray matter densities from 12 readily identifiable regions of interest involved in sensorimotor or higher-order cognitive functions. We then used these values to predict regional densities in the remaining areas of the cortex, using voxel-based morphometry. This revealed patterns of positive and negative covariance that provide insight into the topographical organization of multiple cortical regions. We report that the gray matter density of a region is a good predictor of the density of the homotopic region in the contralateral hemisphere, with the striking exception of primary visual cortex. Whereas some regions express patterns of regional covariance that are mirror symmetrical relative to the interhemispheric fissure, other regions express asymmetric patterns of regional covariance. Finally, patterns of covariance are remarkably consistent between males and females, with the exception of the left amygdala, which is positively associated with the left and right anterior inferior temporal cortex in males and with the right angular gyrus in females. Our study establishes that the density of different cortical regions is coordinated within an individual. The coordinated variations we report are likely to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors and may be the basis for differences in individual behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Structural Covariance in the Human Cortex

Mechelli¹,

Friston²,

Frackowiak³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

565

473

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the precise neurobiological mechanism behind them remains unclear, it was argued (Mechelli et al, 2005) that the morphological coordination in circumscribed regions may result from the mutually trophic effects (Ferrer et al, 1995) or environment-related plasticity (Maguire et al, 2000). Recent studies have also demonstrated disrupted coordination of the brain morphology in various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (Bullmore et al, 1998;Wright et al, 1999;Mitelman et al, 2005), autism (McAlonan et al, 2005), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Pujol et al, 2004).…”

Section: Neurobiological Basis Of Correlative Variation In Regional Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Insights into Aberrant Topological Patterns of Large-Scale Cortical Networks in Alzheimer's Disease

He¹,

Chen²,

Evans³

2008

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Recent research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has shown that cognitive and memory decline in this disease is accompanied by disrupted changes in the coordination of large-scale brain functional networks. However, alterations in coordinated patterns of structural brain networks in AD are still poorly understood. Here, we used cortical thickness measurement from magnetic resonance imaging to investigate large-scale structural brain networks in 92 AD patients and 97 normal controls. Brain networks were constructed by thresholding cortical thickness correlation matrices of 54 regions and analyzed using graph theoretical approaches. Compared with controls, AD patients showed decreased cortical thickness intercorrelations between the bilateral parietal regions and increased intercorrelations in several selective regions involving the lateral temporal and parietal cortex as well as the cingulate and medial frontal cortex regions. Specially, AD patients showed abnormal small-world architecture in the structural cortical networks (increased clustering and shortest paths linking individual regions), implying a less optimal topological organization in AD. Moreover, AD patients were associated with reduced nodal centrality predominantly in the temporal and parietal heteromodal association cortex regions and increased nodal centrality in the occipital cortex regions. Finally, the brain networks of AD were about equally as robust to random failures as those of controls, but more vulnerable against targeted attacks, presumably because of the effects of pathological topological organization. Our findings suggest that the coordinated patterns of cortical morphology are widely altered in AD patients, thus providing structural evidence for disrupted integrity in large-scale brain networks that underlie cognition. This work has implications for our understanding of how functional deficits in patients are associated with their underlying structural (morphological) basis.

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“…Its expression persists in both neurons and glia of the adult (Kornblum et al, 1997;Vaughan et al, 1992;Mazzoni and Kenigsberg, 1994;Kaser et al, 1992;Seroogy et al, 1995), including in the germinal subventricular zones of the postnatal rat brain (Seroogy et al, 1995). TGF-␣ itself (and the mRNA coding for it) is expressed throughout the postnatal brain in both neurons and glia (Fallon et al, 1990;Lazar and Blum, 1992;Kaser et al, 1992;Seroogy et al, 1993;Kudlow et al, 1989;Ferrer et al, 1995) but is present in even greater quantities in embryonic brain (Lazar and Blum, 1992;Brown et al, 1990;Kudlow et al, 1989;Kornblum et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%