Transforming growth factor beta1 and aldosterone

Abstract

Purpose of review It is well established that blocking renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone system (RAAS) is effective for the treatment of cardiovascular and renal complications in hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Although the induction of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) by components of RAAS mediates the hypertrophic and fibrogenic changes in cardiovascular-renal complications, it is still controversial as to whether TGFbeta1 can be a target to prevent such complications. Here we review recent findings on the role of TGFbeta1 in fluid homeostasis, focusing on the relationship with aldosterone. Recent findings TGFbeta1 suppresses adrenal production of aldosterone and renal tubular sodium reabsorption. We have generated mice with TGFbeta1 mRNA expression graded in five steps from 10% to 300% normal, and found that blood pressure and plasma volume are negatively regulated by TGFbeta1. Notably, the 10 % hypomorph exhibits primary aldosteronism and sodium and water retention due to markedly impaired urinary excretion of water and electrolytes. Summary These results identify TGFbeta signaling as an important counterregulatory system against aldosterone. Understanding the molecular mechanisms for the suppressive effects of TGFbeta1 on adrenocortical and renal function may further our understanding of primary aldosteronism as well as assist in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for hypertension.

Induction of LOX by TGF‐β1/Smad/AP‐1 signaling aggravates rat myocardial fibrosis and heart failure

“…Transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) is the best‐known fibrogenic growth factor during myocardial fibrosis . Studies show that TGF‐β signaling plays an important role in the regulation of the RAAS, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), inflammation, and immunity . A previous study showed that TGF‐β1 treatment significantly increased LOX expression in rat cardiac fibroblasts (RCFs), which could be prevented by inhibitors of PI3K, Smad3, p38‐MAPK, JNK, and ERK1/2 .…”

Quantitative Serum Proteomic Analysis of Essential Hypertension Using iTRAQ Technique

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The role of aldosterone in the development of atrial fibrillation: modern understanding of problem

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