Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the rat brain: increase after injury and inhibition of astrocyte proliferation

Abstract

Abstract. Transforming growth factor-ßl (TGF-ßl) has been shown to up-regulate the synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF) in cultured rat astrocytes and in neonatal brain in vivo (Lindholm, D., B. Hengerer, R Zafra, and H. . NeuroReport. 1:9-12) . Here we show that mRNA encoding TGF-01 increased in rat cerebral cortex after a penetrating brain injury. The level of NGF mRNA is also transiently increased after the brain trauma, whereas that of brain-derived neurotrophic factor remained unchanged. In situ hybridization experiments showed a strong expression of TGF-01 4 d after the lesion in cells within and in the vicinity of the wound . Staining of adjacent sections with OX-42 antibodies, specific

Transforming Growth Factor-β1Prevents Glutamate Neurotoxicity in Rat Neocortical Cultures and Protects Mouse Neocortex from Ischemic Injury in vivo

“…10 TGF-p1 (ng/ml) ronal injury and neuronal plasticity. Based on a study in which a model of penetrating brain injury in the rat was used (Lindholm et al, 1992), and also on a postmortem study of brains of patients with ac quired immune deficiency syndrome (Wahl et al, 1991), it has been suggested that TGF-�l may derive from penetrating macrophages or activated microg lia. In cultured rat astrocytes, TGF-�l is produced and released upon stimulation with the cytokine in terleukin-1 (da Cunha and Vitkovic, 1992).…”

Does neuronal expression of GDNF effectively protect dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson's disease?

“…18 These cells can produce substantial amounts of trophic factors that protect neurons affected by the lesions. In addition, astrocytes provide a 'natural' site where several growth factors including GDNF [35][36][37][38] are synthesized in specific areas and time points. Thus, astrocytes provide a most efficient target to express trophic factors in neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.…”

TGF-β, Neuronal Stem Cells and Glioblastoma

“…An important physiologic role of TGF-b within the brain appears to be termination of the glial proliferative response to injury and/or cytokine-induced stimulation (Lindholm et al, 1992;da Cunha et al, 1993). Among quiescent newborn rat cerebral glia, serum induction of DNA synthesis is delayed and attenuated by TGF-b1.…”