Transformer Modeling for Low- and Mid-Frequency Transients—A Review

Martínez, J.A.; Mork, B.A.

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2004.833884

Cited by 188 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…r h , r l and R p are the high and low voltage windings' resistances and the iron losses' resistance [40], respectively. For the DC/DC converter, P DC/DC can be written as:…”

Section: Pv System Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Reactive Power Support Capability and Associated Technical Costs of Photovoltaic Farms’ Operation

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The share of photovoltaic (PV) farms is increasing in the energy mix as power systems move away from conventional carbon-emitting sources. PV farms are equipped with an expensive power converter, which is, most of the time, used well bellow its rated capacity. This has led to proposals to use it to provide reactive power support to the grid. In this framework, this work presents a step-by-step methodology to obtain the reactive power support capability map and the associated technical costs of single-and two-stage PV farms during daytime operation. Results show that the use of two-stage PV farms can expand the reactive power support capability for low irradiance values in comparison to single-stage ones. Besides, despite losses being higher for two-stage PV farms, the technical cost in providing reactive power support is similar for both systems. Based on the obtained maps, it is demonstrated how the profits of a PV farm can be evaluated for the current ancillary services policy in Brazil. The proposed method is of interest to PV farm owners and grid operators to estimate the cost of providing reactive power support and to evaluate the economic feasibility in offering this ancillary service.

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“…r h , r l and R p are the high and low voltage windings' resistances and the iron losses' resistance [40], respectively. For the DC/DC converter, P DC/DC can be written as:…”

Section: Pv System Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Reactive Power Support Capability and Associated Technical Costs of Photovoltaic Farms’ Operation

et al. 2018

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“…Third, the secondary branch of T2 is inactive due to the lack of load. In addition, let 0 = The nonlinear characteristics of the iron core can be modeled using a piecewise linear inductance with two different slopes [16,17]. However, the magnetizing inductance is assumed to be linear to simplify the analysis [13].…”

Section: Flux Linkage Deviationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the Physical Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Sympathetic Inrush for Transformers in Series

Peng

Gao

2017

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Sympathetic inrush is a magnetizing inrush phenomenon generated in an in-service transformer, when a nearby transformer in series or in parallel is energized. This phenomenon lasts longer than the general inrush and can cause protection maloperation. The study focuses on sympathetic inrush in series transformers. Flux linkage expressions for the series transformers are derived using the Laplace transform. The residual flux, switching angle, and system impedance factors are included in the expressions. The physical mechanism of the sympathetic inrush for series transformers is explained based on the characteristics of the flux linkages. The interaction between the saturated transformers during sympathetic inrush is also investigated. Moreover, the influence of the switching angle, residual flux, system impedance, and load on the inrush currents is analyzed and validated.

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“…En relación con el primer punto, hasta el momento se han desarrollado avances para la interpretación de las curvas obtenidas off-line, principalmente orientados al uso de modelos del transformador que sean capaces de reproducir el mismo comportamiento en frecuencia del sistema medido (transformador) [1,[5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Obtención de la respuesta en frecuencia en transformadores estando en servicio

Gómez-Luna¹,

2017

Ingeniare. Rev. chil. ing.

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Obtención de la respuesta en frecuencia en transformadores estando en servicioObtaining the frequency response in transformers in service RESUMENEste artículo presenta la obtención de la respuesta en frecuencia en transformadores de distribución, estando en servicio (prueba FRA on-line), mediante la inyección de señales controladas y empleando un novedoso algoritmo para el análisis de señales transitorias. Se usó un sistema hardware para inyectar los pulsos controlados sobre la onda de 60 Hz, el cual permitía cambiar la amplitud, el ancho y la fase del pulso generado sobre la onda de 60 Hz, asegurando un alto contenido espectral y un control del mismo. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos se pudo observar cómo el nuevo método propuesto ofrecía mayor confiabilidad en los resultados, por lo que, el poder llevar a cabo un monitoreo on-line confiable en transformadores por medio de la técnica FRA es algo innovador y de mucho interés para las empresas del sector eléctrico, debido a que en el momento de realizar la prueba FRA no es necesario interrumpir el suministro de energía eléctrica, eliminado los altos costos que se generan al tener que sacar el transformador de servicio del sistema de potencia, por otro lado, la importancia del sistema implementado es poder supervisar el transformador desde una red inteligente (Smart Grid) con el fin de tomar decisiones oportunas del estado real de operación basado en la condición del equipo. La metodología desarrollada se aplicó a transformadores piloto y a transformadores de una red de distribución del sistema de potencia con el objeto de validar el método propuesto.Palabras clave: Respuesta en frecuencia on-line, transformadores, procesamiento de señal, monitoreo on-line, señales transitorias. ABSTRACT

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Transformer Modeling for Low- and Mid-Frequency Transients—A Review

Cited by 188 publications

References 46 publications

Evaluation of the Reactive Power Support Capability and Associated Technical Costs of Photovoltaic Farms’ Operation

Evaluation of the Reactive Power Support Capability and Associated Technical Costs of Photovoltaic Farms’ Operation

Investigation into the Physical Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Sympathetic Inrush for Transformers in Series

Obtención de la respuesta en frecuencia en transformadores estando en servicio

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