Transformatives Wirtschaften in der urbanen Ernährungsbewegung: zwei Fallbeispiele aus Leipzig und München

Abstract

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag diskutiert die neuen urbanen Ernährungsbewegungen und ihre räumlichen Wirkungen, ästhetischen Inszenierungen und wirtschaftlichen Konzepte. Auf der Basis qualitativer Einzelfallstudien in Deutschland wird gezeigt, wie die ‚Wiedereinbettung’ von Ernährungsarrangements in lebensweltliche und regionalökonomische Kontexte praktisch erprobt wird. Dafür schlagen wir ein Verständnis von „transformativem Wirtschaften“ vor und beleuchten, inwiefern transformative Vorstellungen von Urbanität, Wohlstand und kollektivem Handeln entstehen. Im Vergleich zu älteren öko-sozialen Bewegungen zeigt sich, dass die neuen Akteure immer zugleich auf mehreren Ebenen agieren und dadurch die Komplexitätsanforderungen von sozialem Wandel mit Bezug zu globalen Diskurs- und Problemzusammenhängen aufgreifen.

Urban Gardening in Germany: Cultivating a Sustainable Lifestyle for the Societal Transition to a Bioeconomy

“…The same result was also reached by case studies from Ljubljana, Milan and London that analyzed the economic performance of urban gardens in these cities [39]. The amount of food produced and/or revenues created are often too low to be of significance in economic terms [20]. However, [40] point out that urban food production can yield sufficient vegetables to meet the recommended personal dietary intake, using less than 10% of urban areas.…”

“…Fresh food is self-produced locally and seasonally, using mainly organic cultivation methods [5]. Being a producer means satisfying the basic human need for food in a self-controlled, self-dependent and thus responsible way [20].…”

“…This phenomenon of reconnection with nature [33] is described by [34] as 're-grounding'. Various studies in Germany [2,7,20], Switzerland [35], Austria [36], Italy [37], the US [30,33,38], and Canada [38] confirm the importance of community building and social exchange through gardening. The members participate in the projects because they enjoy gardening activities, being close to nature, working with living plants and animals, and 'getting their hands dirty' to create tangible (e.g., garden beds, food, flowers) and non-tangible outputs (e.g., meeting points, local recreation areas, knowledge sharing, participation in city development).…”

“…Food and nutrition has become a democratic instrument for sensitizing society to food systems, markets and demands nutrition habits and wasteful consumer behavior, while encouraging alternative food networks [42,45]. Cities form the starting point of this debate-in the past because of the lack of trust in production and processing methods, today additionally because the neoliberal food value chains are threatening human livelihoods (especially in countries of the South), biodiversity, natural ecosystems and climate for the sake of economic growth [20].…”

“…"The development of the bioeconomy is part of a societal transition that units multiple trends and initiatives from 'green economy' and 'sharing economy' to 'citizen science' and 'urban farming'" [17]. Recently, [20] described urban gardening as local (block or quarter level) participatory approaches of transformative economic activities with the urban gardens being the nuclei of crystallization of this movement.…”