Transformations of the energy system in the context of the decarbonisation of the EU economy in the time horizon to 2050

The Optimal Energy Mix in Power Generation and the Contribution from Natural Gas in Reducing Carbon Emissions to 2030 and Beyond

“…Capros et al (2012a) details the impact assessment study conducted using the PRIMES model, which accompanied the impact assessment of the EU 2050…”

“…This conclusion is accompanied by the caveat that "the related technologies have not reached a fully commercialized level, hence cost data used in the models are rather an anticipation of what level of maturity is the related technology expected to reach" (Capros et al, 2012b: 9). It should be noted at this point that Capros et al (2012a) also states that "hydrogen is shown to emerge in the long term as a means of storage of intermittent renewable power" (Capros et al, 2012a: 96) and that this coincides with a situation where the EU 2050 Roadmap has approximately 66% of net installed capacity in 2050 sourced from renewables and 80% of this is from an intermittent source. Capros et al (2012a) also notes that in order "to avoid curtailment of RES the model develops endogenously hydro pumping and hydrogen, the latter being used for mixing with natural gas" (Capros et al, 2012a: 88).…”

Decarbonised pathways for a low carbon EU28 power sector until 2050

“…Correspondingly, the possible long term future layout of the low carbon EU power sector and its technology mixes has been widely covered in scientific literature by using partial equilibrium energy system models [7] [8], sometimes complemented with macro-economic models [9], by using general equilibrium models [10], or partial electricity models [11] [12]. Our paper fits within this field of work and adds to it by systematically assessing the long term role of several power generation technologies highlighting the interdependencies between them and the most relevant drivers for their deployment.…”

Kinetics of mixed copper–iron based oxygen carriers for hydrogen production by chemical looping water splitting

“…Worldwide, hydrogen production is approximated 600 billion m 3 (STP) per year [2]. Hydrogen does not occur naturally and has to be produced through endothermic reactions from hydrogen-containing sources.…”