Transformations of biomass internal oxygen at varied pyrolysis conditions

Pyrolysis of municipal plastic wastes: Influence of raw material composition

“…It can be seen that it is mainly composed of water together with some oxygenated compounds. Similar proportions of water were obtained by Luik et al (2007) in the pyrolysis of air-dried pine bark, a cellulose based material which contains a proportion of oxygen similar to that contained in paper. The presence of oxygenated compounds in the pyrolysis liquids of cellulose rich materials has also been reported by other authors (Luik et al, 2007;Demirbas, 2007;Xi-Feng et al, 2009).…”

“…The water generation is again a consequence of the high cellulose content of this sample; several authors (e.g. Demirbas, 2007;Luik et al, 2007;Xi-Feng et al, 2009) have also reported that water is formed in the pyrolysis of cellulose rich samples. In the same way, the authors (de Marco et al, 2002) obtained more than 90 wt% water in the liquids of the pyrolysis of cardboard, result that is quite in accordance with the water yield obtained in this work.…”

Application of the Selective Energy Transfer Model to Account for an Isokinetic Response in the Gas Phase Reductive Cleavage of Hydroxyl, Carbonyl and Carboxyl Groups from Benzene Over Nickel/Silica

“…Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation has assumed increasing importance in the upgrading of coalderived and biomass-derived liquids and in the conversion of waste plastics to hydrocarbon raw material or fuel [5][6][7]. Substituted benzene systems have been used to evaluate the hydrogenolysis versus ring hydrogenation activity of typical hydrotreating catalysts [8,9].…”

Peat semicoking and hydrocracking

“…The solvent-soluble semicoking and hydrocracking products were washed out from the reactor one after the other with water, benzene and acetone as described in Ref. [42]. The total oil yield was calculated as a sum of the solubles.…”