Transformational Thinking

Construction of Meta-Thinking Educational Program Based on Mental-Brain Simulation (MTMBS) and Evaluating its Effectiveness on Executive Functions, Emotion Regulation, and Impulsivity in Children With ADHD: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study

“…Since that in thinking about our thinking, we can move to a higher level, we can choose among the thought systems, so we use the logical, dialectical, or a combination of both types of thinking systems. The thought type, where in fact, we are thinking about different thought systems and their usage, is called “meta” because it includes both systems of thought and occurs beyond our thinking in a particular system of thinking (N. Shannon & Frischherz, 2020).…”

“…We call this process “meta-thinking.” Using Kahneman’s words, it can also be called “system 3” of thinking. Although, based on Kahneman’s view, it is difficult to overcome on system 1- thinking, but knowing how to think and how to create thoughts will correct distorted thoughts and open the mind to other possibilities (N. Shannon & Frischherz, 2020).…”

“…Since that in thinking about our thinking, we can move to a higher level, we can choose among the thought systems, so we use the logical, dialectical, or a combination of both types of thinking systems. The thought type, where in fact, we are thinking about different thought systems and their usage, is called "meta" because it includes both systems of thought and occurs beyond our thinking in a particular system of thinking (N. Shannon & Frischherz, 2020). The prefix "meta" is very common in psychology and other related sciences and is used in terms such as meta-reasoning, metaattention, meta-communication, meta-cognition, meta-emotion, meta-motivation, meta-pathology, metaneeds and meta-memory (American psychological association, 2015; Garber & Wallis, 2015;Maslow, 1954;Meehl, 1992Meehl, , 2002Meehl, , 2004.…”

“…Using Kahneman's words, it can also be called "system 3" of thinking. Although, based on Kahneman's view, it is difficult to overcome on system 1-thinking, but knowing how to think and how to create thoughts will correct distorted thoughts and open the mind to other possibilities (N. Shannon & Frischherz, 2020). Therefore, meta-thinking is a dynamic, iterative process in which the thinker selects and develops a concept using dialectic thinking patterns.…”

“…In other words, meta-thinking is a method to acquire, expand, refine, and evaluate reality-related knowledge and information. Using dialectical thinking in dialog helps to establish a more complete understanding of respect for reality because it encompasses different perspectives and viewpoints (N. Shannon & Frischherz, 2020).…”