Transformation of the Global Energy Demand

Abstract

The main purpose of the article is to evaluate the role of primary sources of energy in the formation of the global fuel and energy balance. The analysis methodology is based on applying the systematic approach to quantitative indicators allowing to evaluate and identify the main trends in individual primary heat energy markets using the methods of vertical and horizontal analysis, as well as comparative analysis in the retrospective period. The study analyzes the main trends in individual markets of primary energy (coal, natural gas, oil), which forms the basis of the global fuel and energy balance, including regional and country breakdowns; analyzes data on changes in the fuel and energy balance; carries out the assessment of the main trends in the global energy demand, as well as the in-depth analysis of generating clean thermal energy by countries. According to the results of the analysis, global consumption of primary energy increased by 2.2% in 2017, compared with the volumes of consumption in 2016 and was the highest for the period starting in 2013. Consumption of all types of fuel, except for coal and hydropower, also showed high growth rates in 2017. The largest increase in the energy consumption in 2017 was due to the consumption of natural gas, renewable energy and oil. A leading regional consumer of oil, coal, renewable energy and hydropower is Asia, while North America is a leader in terms of consuming nuclear energy and natural gas. Oil remains the dominant fuel in the world, accounting for more than a third of all energy consumed.