Transformation of plant residues into a humus-like substance using biological means of multifunctional action

Abstract

Purpose. Justification of the technology of biological transformation of plant remains into a humus-like substance thanks to the microbial agents of the drug Extrakon, ensuring the improvement of the soil and the initiation of its biological cycles. Methods. Complex of modern and generally accepted physicochemical, microbiological, physiological and biochemical research methods; methods of laboratory and field research; statistical analysis of the data. Results. A promising, innovative scientific-methodological development and technology for the use of the multifunctional biological preparation Extrakon has been created, which is guaranteed to improve the soil, nourish plants and accelerate the processes of transformation of organic matter (plant residues) into a humus-like substance. Scientifically substantiated expediency of using the drug Extrakon in the processes of accelerated composting of crop production waste (according to indicators of biothermal processes, kinetics of temperature regimes and decomposition of organic matter of siderate, as well as changes in the physical and chemical properties of compost depending on the duration of its preparation). The transformation of straw and plant residues with the help of a consortium of natural soil microorganisms takes from 30 days to 6–8 months. Conclusions 1. Loose and liquid preparations based on a consortium of soil microorganisms (CSM) are effective for preparing and improving substrates and soil, pre-sowing seed treatment, feeding plants during the growing season; post-harvest use – to activate the transformation of plant residues, composting organic cellulose-containing residues. 2. The duration of the plant residues transformation is from 30 days to 6–8 months, which is 2-3 times less than when using existing biodestroyers. The effect of biological preparation in the agricultural cluster is from 80 % to complete transformation of organic substances into a humus-like substance. 3. The proposed preparation can be used both for the transformation of plant residues into a humus-like substance, composting, and for the preparation and improvement of various substrates, soil, as well as for the purpose of eliminating toxicity, for growing plants in closed and open soils. Keywords: humus-like substance, consortium of soil microorganisms, plant remains, transformation.