Transformation of iodate to iodide in marine phytoplankton driven by cell senescence

Bluhm, Katrin; Croot, Peter; Wuttig, Kathrin; Lochte, Karin

doi:10.3354/ab00284

Cited by 68 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Iodine speciation in water varies: in anoxic water most of iodine exists as I − , while in oxygenated waters, such as surface (300 m) ocean water, the dominant species is IO − 3 . Bluhm et al (2010) demonstrated that phytoplankton can reduce IO − 3 to I − , while UV light can also drive the reduction of IO − 3 to I − in seawater (Saunders et al, 2012b;Wong, 1991). Doubts remain regarding iodine inorganic speciation in aerosols and which factors are able to control this speciation ; UV light and ozone have been proposed to play important roles (Saunders et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogen species record Antarctic sea ice extent over glacial–interglacial periods

Spolaor

Vallelonga²,

Plane

et al. 2013

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Sea ice is an integral part of the earth's climate system because it affects planetary albedo, sea-surface salinity, and the atmosphere–ocean exchange of reactive gases and aerosols. Bromine and iodine chemistry is active at polar sea ice margins with the occurrence of bromine explosions and the biological production of organoiodine from sea ice algae. Satellite measurements demonstrate that concentrations of bromine oxide (BrO) and iodine oxide (IO) decrease over sea ice toward the Antarctic interior. Here we present speciation measurements of bromine and iodine in the TALDICE (TALos Dome Ice CorE) ice core (159°11' E, 72°49' S; 2315 m a.s.l.) spanning the last 215 ky. The Talos Dome ice core is located 250 km inland and is sensitive to marine air masses intruding onto the Antarctic Plateau. Talos Dome bromide (Br⁻) is positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with sodium (Na). Based on the Br⁻/Na seawater ratio, bromide is depleted in the ice during glacial periods and enriched during interglacial periods. Total iodine, consisting of iodide (I⁻) and iodate (IO₃⁻), peaks during glacials with lower values during interglacial periods. Although IO₃⁻ is considered the most stable iodine species in the atmosphere it was only observed in the TALDICE record during glacial maxima. Sea ice dynamics are arguably the primary driver of halogen fluxes over glacial–interglacial timescales, by altering the distance between the sea ice edge and the Antarctic plateau and by altering the surface area of sea ice available to algal colonization. Based on our results we propose the use of both halogens for examining Antarctic variability of past sea ice extent

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogen species record Antarctic sea ice extent over glacial–interglacial periods

Spolaor

Vallelonga²,

Plane

et al. 2013

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…This enhanced iodide concentration indicates the reduction of iodate by the two diatom cultures, which was also found by Bluhm et al (2010) and Wong et al (2002) for different phytoplankton species. Such a reduction of iodate to iodide will result in a decrease in the iodate concentration; however, for the measured iodate concentration in this study the expected decrease falls within the analytical precision of the measurement.…”

Section: Iodide and Iodatementioning

confidence: 85%

“…To calculate the concentration of Chl a the equation of Jeffrey and Humphrey (1975) was used. Chl a can be a good indicator for microalgae biomass (Roy 2010;Bluhm et al, 2010;Colomb et al, 2008) and has been used to calculated emission rates of iodine-containing volatiles from phytoplankton. This calculation was not used here, since the mechanisms of synthesis and release of these iodine-containing gases is still unclear.…”

Section: Chlorophyll Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of different phytoplankton, e.g diatoms, to reduce iodate, which is ubiquitous in the open ocean, to iodide was shown for natural and elevated iodate concentrations (Wong et al, 2002;Chance et al, 2007) and for the different growth states (Bluhm et al, 2010) of the phytoplankton cultures. A correlation of iodine species in the particle phase and average chlorophyll exposure of air masses along back trajectories was found by Lai et al (2011), indicating the link between phytoplankton activity and emission of atmospheric iodine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the formation of I 2 and IO is correlated with the iodide concentration (Sakamoto et al, 2009) and the iodide concentration of surface waters is correlated with phytoplankton (Bluhm et al, 2010), this study investigates links between iodide concentrations in microalgae-containing seawater and abiotic formation and emission of I 2 , utilizing laboratory experiments of the reaction of the seawater surface with ozone. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emission of iodine-containing volatiles by selected microalgae species

et al. 2014

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Abstract. In this study we present the results of an emission study of different phytoplankton samples in aqueous media treated with elevated ozone levels. Halocarbon measurements show that the samples tested released bromoform and different iodocarbons, including iodomethane, iodochloromethane and diiodomethane. Iodide and iodate levels in the liquid phase were representative of concentrations of surface water in a natural environment. Measurement of volatile iodine (I 2 ) emissions from two diatom samples (Mediopyxis helysia and Porosira glacialis) and the background sample (F/2 medium from filtered natural seawater) showed that the quantity of evolved I 2 depends on the ozone concentration in the air. This behaviour was assumed to be caused by the oxidation reaction mechanism of iodide with ozone. The I 2 emission flux agrees with model calculations at different iodide concentrations. The I 2 emission of a natural plankton concentrate sample was, however, very low compared to other samples and showed no dependence on ozone. The reason for this was shown to be the low iodide concentration in the algal suspension, which seems to be the limiting factor in the oxidative formation of I 2 .

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Seasonal variability of methyl iodide in the Kiel Fjord

Shi

Petrick

Quack

et al. 2014

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

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Chlorophyll a) were weaker, and they lagged CH 3 I by ca. 1 month. These results appear consistent with the hypothesis that SSR is the primary forcing of CH 3 I production in surface seawater, possibly through a photochemical pathway. A mass balance of the monthly averaged data was used to infer mean rates of daily net production (P net ) and losses for CH 3 I over the year. ). P net was correlated at zero lag with SST, SSR, and Chla (R 2 5 0.55, 0.67, and 0.73, respectively, p << 0.01). The lagged cross-correlation analysis indicated that SSR led P net by 1 month, whereas the strongest cross correlations with Chla were at lags of 0 to 11 month, and SST lagged P net by 1 month. The broad seasonal peak of P net makes it difficult to determine the key factor controlling CH 3 I net production using in situ concentration data alone.

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Transformation of iodate to iodide in marine phytoplankton driven by cell senescence

Cited by 68 publications

References 87 publications

Halogen species record Antarctic sea ice extent over glacial–interglacial periods

Halogen species record Antarctic sea ice extent over glacial–interglacial periods

Emission of iodine-containing volatiles by selected microalgae species

Seasonal variability of methyl iodide in the Kiel Fjord

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