Transformation of Indium Nanoparticles to β-Indium Sulfide: Digestive Ripening and Visible Light-Induced Photocatalytic Properties

Abstract

We report the transformation of polydispersed dodecanethiol stabilized indium nanoparticles, obtained from bulk indium shot by evaporation/condensation solvated metal atom dispersion (SMAD) technique, into highly monodispersed partially alkyl thiolate-capped β-indiumsulfide (In(2)S(3)) by a postpreparative digestive ripening in high boiling point t-butyltoluene (190 °C) solvent. Upon digestive ripening, the as-prepared polydispersed black indium nanoparticles showed a characteristic color transition from black to cream, pale yellow, yellow, and finally to brown, indicating the transformation of the indium metal nanoparticles into intermediates composed of indium thiolates, sulfides, and polysulfides, and finally into the product In(2)S(3) nanoparticles whose surfaces are partially capped with thiolates. The transformed product (In(2)S(3)) was characterized with UV-vis, XRD, EDX, SEM, XPS, and TEM. From XRD and TEM measurements, the average size of the transformed In(2)S(3) nanoparticles is 5 nm. The optical absorbance of the as-prepared sample showed absorption peaks around 538 and 613 nm; upon digestive ripening these two peaks disappeared and stabilized at 375 nm, providing evidence of strong quantum confinement of excitons. The visible light-induced photocatalytic activity test with the In(2)S(3) nanoparticles showed that 95% of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye degraded after 100 min of irradiation with visible light.

Design of a Free-Ruthenium In2S3Crystalline Photosensitized Solar Cell

“…Anatase TiO 2[29] and tetragonal tin oxide[30] induced from the FTO glass were observed in the In 2 S 3 film sample grown using the 0.001 M-In precursor, but no peaks were assigned to -In 2 S 3 . On the other hand, with the exception of the 0.001 M-In precursor sample, all the diffraction peaks of the samples were indexed to -In 2 S 3 with a Fd-3m space group, which are in good agreement with the data reported in the literature[31]. Compared to the standard card, the relative intensities of the peaks at 14.3 ∘ (111 plane), 23.4 ∘ (220), 27.4 ∘ (311), 28.5 ∘ (222), 33.4 ∘ (400), 36.2 ∘ (331), 40.9 ∘ (422), 43.7 ∘ (511), 47.8 ∘ (440), 55.8 ∘ (533), 59.3 ∘ (444), 67.0 ∘ (731), 69.6 ∘ (800), 77.1 ∘ (751), 79.1 ∘ (840), and 88.9 ∘ (844) were obvious.…”

Digestive Ripening at Nanoscale and Its Application in the Preparation of Monodisperse Nanomaterials

“…例如, Thomas 等使用三乙醇胺、二乙醇 胺和乙醇胺作为消化熟化剂在室温下即获得尺寸很小 的 ZnO 量子点 [32,113] 和 CuO 量子点 [114] . Klabunde 等合成 了 CdSe [69] 、CdSe/ZnS 和 CdTe/ZnS 等荧光量子点 [70] 和 In 2 S 3 的半导体纳米晶 [115] . Green 等 [116] 用半胱氨酸对合 成的 CdTe 进行消化熟化获得了橙色或绿色荧光的量子 点, Sapra 等 [117] 使用巯基丙酸作为消化熟化剂处理 CdTe 量子点, 其荧光发射峰的半峰宽变窄, 证明尺寸更为均 一. Klabunde 等 [70] 利用溶剂化金属原子沉积技术先将 CdTe 晶体块蒸发沉积形成四氢呋喃-三正辛基氧膦-油 胺分散体系(TEM 照片如图 9, a, b), 然后去除四氢呋喃 溶剂, 在三正辛基氧膦-油胺体系中 250 ℃下进行消化 熟化.…”

Important Phase Control of Indium Sulfide Nanomaterials by Choice of Indium(III) Xanthate Precursor and Thermolysis Temperature

“…The indium‐sulfur (In‐S) binary metal chalcogenide system is of interest in the optoelectronics, and catalysis, research fields due to attractive properties such as the variety of crystallographic phases, and band gap of ca. 2 eV .…”