“…Furthermore, as artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been considered a crucial component of the ICT industry and the high capability to utilize large amounts of data through network infrastructure is essential, telcos have actively deployed their network-related capabilities and infrastructure into AI-related sectors (Balmer et al, 2020). They have not only utilized it to predict consumer demand or switching (Chen et al, 2021) and manage their network operation (Gutierrez-Estevez et al, 2019) but also introduce new services such as cyber security (Adel et al, 2021) and cloud service (El Khatib et al, 2019). In addition, some telcos have offered e-commerce services by utilizing their large pool of customers (E-J.…”