Transformation of alveolar Type 2 cells to Type 1 cells following exposure to NO2

Evans, Michael J.; Cabral, Lair C.; Stephens, Robert J.; Freeman, Gustave

doi:10.1016/0014-4800(75)90059-3

Cited by 553 publications

(330 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

315

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Injection of recombinant GM-CSF into the dermal lesions of patients with leprosy induces keratinocyte proliferation and regenerative differentiation (47). Type II alveolar epithelial cells function as stem cells for the alveolar epithelium, proliferating and subsequently differentiating to replace thin type I alveolar cells that are particularly susceptible to injury (48). It is plausible that the effects of GM-CSF on alveolar epithelial cells provide a measure of protection for the epithelium from acute injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in the Innate Immune Response toPneumocystis cariniiPneumonia in Mice

Paine

Preston

Wilcoxen

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

138

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Innate immunity plays an important role in pulmonary host defense against Pneumocystis carinii, an important pathogen in individuals with impaired cell-mediated immunity. We investigated the role of GM-CSF in host defense in a model of P. carinii pneumonia induced by intratracheal inoculation of CD4-depleted mice. Lung GM-CSF levels increased progressively during the infection and were significantly greater than those in uninfected controls 3, 4, and 5 wk after inoculation. When GM-CSF gene-targeted mice (GM ؊/؊ ) depleted of CD4 ؉ cells were inoculated with P. carinii, the intensities of infection and inflammation were increased significantly compared with those in CD4-depleted wild-type mice. In contrast, transgenic expression of GM-CSF directed solely in the lungs of GM ؊/؊ mice (using the surfactant protein C promoter) dramatically decreased the intensity of infection and inflammation 4 wk after inoculation. The concentrations of surfactant proteins A and D were greater in both uninfected and infected GM ؊/؊ mice compared with those in wild-type controls, suggesting that this component of the innate response was preserved in the GM ؊/؊ mice. However, alveolar macrophages (AM) from GM ؊/؊ mice demonstrated impaired phagocytosis of purified murine P. carinii organisms in vitro compared with AM from wild-type mice. Similarly, AM production of TNF-␣ in response to P. carinii in vitro was totally absent in AM from GM ؊/؊ mice, while GM-CSF-replete mice produced abundant TNF in this setting. Thus, GM-CSF plays a critical role in the inflammatory response to P. carinii in the setting of impaired cell-mediated immunity through effects on AM activation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in the Innate Immune Response toPneumocystis cariniiPneumonia in Mice

Paine

Preston

Wilcoxen

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

138

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to their similar secretory functions, both are progenitor cells of the pulmonary epithelium (Plopper et al, 1991;Brody and Williams, 1992). In response to NO, and other injuries, both cells proliferate and serve as stem cells for the ciliated cells of the bronchioles and the type I cells of the alveolus, respectively (Evans et al, 1975). Although it is possible that the LAR may regulate secretion in the two cells, it is more likely that LAR functions, as in the developing epithelia of lung and of skin, esophagus, and intestine, to receive environmental signals and regulate cell proliferation and differentiation during tissue repair.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two closely related receptor‐type tyrosine phosphatases are differentially expressed during rat lung development

Katsura

Williams

Brody

et al. 1995

Developmental Dynamics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) comprise a newly identified class of receptor-like molecules. In most cases their ligands and the substrates they dephosphorylate are not known. In order to begin to explore the functions of the PTPases in cell physiology and in mammalian development, we examined the expression patterns of two closely related receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase genes, namely LAR and PTPG, in fetal rat lung and in selected adult rat tissues. In the lung, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry show that the LAR mRNA and protein are expressed exclusively in the epithelium. In the early embryonic or fetal lung (day 13 to 18) LAR is expressed by all of the epithelial cells of the forming bronchial tree. This widespread pattern of expression is lost later in fetal Life (day 21) as the lung matures and acquires the morphologic and biochemical features of the adult organ. LAR gene expression is then confined to two epithelial progenitor cells of the distal airways, namely the bronchiolar Clara cell and the alveolar type I1 cell. The LAR gene products were also found abundantly expressed in epithelial progenitor cells of adult esophagus, skin, and small intestine, all of which are continuously renewing epithelia. The rat PTPG gene, on the other hand, is specifically expressed in the mesenchyme of the developing lung. The level of the PTPG mRNA decreases as the lung matures. These results suggest that the two closely related receptor-type tyrosine phosphatases are differentially expressed in a tissue-specific fashion. They are expressed mostly in proliferating cells or in cells which have potential to proliferate. Therefore, one function of the two receptor-like tyrosine phosphatases may be to regulate proliferation and/or differentiation of different types of cells during development, during normal cell turnover, and during adult tissue repair.

show abstract

“…AT2 cells are most widely known as the source of pulmonary surfactant, a lipid and protein complex that reduces surface tension and plays a role in lung host defense (13). Studies for more than 30 years have suggested that the surfactant protein-C (SPC)-expressing AT2 cells comprise the progenitor cells that proliferate and differentiate into AT1 cells after various types of lung injury (14)(15)(16) (17) and in the developing lung (18). BASCs (10) and cells with club cell secretory protein (CCSP) promoter activity (19,20), have also been implicated as stem/ progenitor cells functioning in alveolar development or regeneration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant Protein–C Chromatin-Bound Green Fluorescence Protein Reporter Mice Reveal Heterogeneity of Surfactant Protein C–Expressing Lung Cells

Kim

Gludish

Roach

et al. 2013

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The regeneration of alveolar epithelial cells is a critical aspect of alveolar reorganization after lung injury. Although alveolar Type II (AT2) cells have been described as progenitor cells for alveolar epithelia, more remains to be understood about how their progenitor cell properties are regulated. A nuclear, chromatin-bound green fluorescence protein reporter (H2B-GFP) was driven from the murine surfactant protein-C (SPC) promoter to generate SPC H2B-GFP transgenic mice. The SPC H2B-GFP allele allowed the FACSbased enrichment and gene expression profiling of AT2 cells. Approximately 97% of AT2 cells were GFP-labeled on Postnatal Day 1, and the percentage of GFP-labeled AT2 cells decreased to approximately 63% at Postnatal Week 8. Isolated young adult SPC H2B-GFP 1 cells displayed proliferation, differentiation, and selfrenewal capacity in the presence of lung fibroblasts in a Matrigelbased three-dimensional culture system. Heterogeneity within the GFP 1 population was revealed, because cells with distinct alveolar and bronchiolar gene expression arose in three-dimensional cultures. CD74, a surface marker highly enriched on GFP 1 cells, was identified as a positive selection marker, providing 3-fold enrichment for AT2 cells. In vivo, GFP expression was induced within other epithelial cell types during maturation of the distal lung. The utility of the SPC H2B-GFP murine model for the identification of AT2 cells was greatest in early postnatal lungs and more limited with age, when some discordance between SPC and GFP expression was observed. In adult mice, this allele may allow for the enrichment and future characterization of other SPC-expressing alveolar and bronchiolar cells, including putative stem/progenitor cell populations.

show abstract

Transformation of alveolar Type 2 cells to Type 1 cells following exposure to NO2

Cited by 553 publications

References 5 publications

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in the Innate Immune Response toPneumocystis cariniiPneumonia in Mice

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in the Innate Immune Response toPneumocystis cariniiPneumonia in Mice

Two closely related receptor‐type tyrosine phosphatases are differentially expressed during rat lung development

Surfactant Protein–C Chromatin-Bound Green Fluorescence Protein Reporter Mice Reveal Heterogeneity of Surfactant Protein C–Expressing Lung Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About