Transformation of acesulfame in chlorination: Kinetics study, identification of byproducts, and toxicity assessment

Li, Adela Jing; Wu, Peng-Ran; Law, Japhet Cheuk-Fung; Chow, Chi-Hang; Postigo, Cristina; Guo, Ying; Leung, Kelvin Sze-Yin

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.053

Cited by 53 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, real-time observation revealed that the transformation of acesulfame led to a collection of more persistent by-products that were 500 times more toxic than the parent compound inducing significantly elevated toxicity in both marine bacteria and zebrafish embryos (Sang et al, 2014 ). Therefore, while evaluating the effectiveness of photocatalytic degradation, it is also important to consider the potential hazardous effects exerted by the intermediate degradation compounds (Li et al, 2017 ; Osin et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol by C, N-TiO2: Degradation Efficiency vs. Embryonic Toxicity of the Resulting Compounds

et al. 2018

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The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 based photocatalysts can be improved by structural modification and elemental doping. In this study, through rational design, one type of carbon and nitrogen co-doped TiO2 (C, N-TiO2) photocatalyst with mesoporous structure was synthesized with improved photocatalytic activity in degrading 4-nitrophenol under simulated sunlight irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the C, N-TiO2 was much higher than the anatase TiO2 (A-TiO2) based on absorbance and HPLC analyses. Moreover, using zebrafish embryos, we showed that the intermediate degradation compounds generated by photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol had higher toxicity than the parent compound. A repeated degradation process was necessary to render complete degradation and non-toxicity to the zebrafish embryos. Our results demonstrated the importance of evaluating the photocatalytic degradation efficiency in conjunction with the toxicity assessment of the degradation compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol by C, N-TiO2: Degradation Efficiency vs. Embryonic Toxicity of the Resulting Compounds

et al. 2018

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“…Acesulfame-K does not metabolise inside the human body and is excreted almost completely (>99%) unchanged in the urine within 24 hours Li et al, 2017;Castronovo et al, 2017;. Consequently it is discharged to the domestic waste treatment system unchanged (Voltz et al, 1998).…”

Section: Environmental Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Review and synthesis of data on the potential environmental impact of artificial sweeteners

Lewis

Tzilivakis

2021

EFSA Supporting Publications

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EFSA is implementing evidence-based risk assessments for the re-evaluation of certain sweeteners. The aim of this work was to ensure that, as part of the preparatory work done by EFSA to support its Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) in reaching conclusions on the safety of permitted food additives, relevant information on the environmental risks associated with the use of the artificial sweeteners are identified. In the context of this re-evaluation process the following substances used as sweeteners were considered: acesulfame-K (E 950), salt of aspartame-acesulfame (E 962), sucralose (E 955), saccharins (E 954), thaumatin (E 957), neohesperidine DC (E 959), neotame (E 961), cyclamates (E 952) and the polyol sweeteners (sorbitols (E 420); mannitol (E 421); isomalt (E 953); maltitols (E 965); lactitol (E 966); xylitol (E 967) and erythritol (E 968)). Data was collated using a systematic review approach. Generally, the data identified was extremely limited particularly with respect to neohesperidine DC, neotame, thaumatin and the polyol sweeteners. However, there was also limited evidence to suggest their widespread occurrence in the environment. With respect to acesulfame-K, sucralose, cyclamates and saccharin multiple studies were identified that demonstrate the widespread distribution of these sweeteners in surface waters, groundwaters, coastal and marine waters. There are also studies showing their presence in drinking (tap) water supplies, rainwater and in atmospheric samples. However, these sweeteners do not appear to be highly toxic to aquatic species, at least not at environmental concentrations currently seen. The salt of aspartame-acesulfame easily dissociates into its two component sweeteners in the human body and the environment and so the review process also considered aspartame despite it not being a specific focus of the regulatory review process. Whilst there is some evidence to suggest aspartame is toxic to aquatic species it is not detected at levels of concern in the environment.

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“…Chlorination is a widely used disinfection technology applied mainly to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms in DWTPs, water reclamation plants, and WWTPs. (Jia et al, 2015;Li et al, 2017).…”

Section: Chlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ACE, CYC, SUC) were persistent and not transformed by the chlorination process, possibly caused by a lack of electron-rich sites for oxidation (Scheurer et al, 2010;Soh et al, 2011;Torres et al, 2011). However, it was found that ACE degradation during chlorination followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and was pHdependent, and that chlorinated ACE could be the precursor of several regulated disinfection by-products and inhibit Vibrio fischeri luminescence (Li et al, 2017). The study also concluded that, although the chlorination process is cost-effective and widely applied, chlorine-related ecotoxic risks should be carefully considered and evaluated.…”

Section: Chlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination, occurrence, and treatment of saccharin in water: A review

Pang

Borthwick

Chatzisymeon

2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Saccharin (SAC) is an emerging contaminant, widely detected in the environment, with potential ecotoxicity risks to aqueous organisms and human beings. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are key sources and sinks of SAC, and play a vital role in eliminating SAC entering the environment. An overview is provided of the potential ecotoxicity of SAC, its occurrence in the aqueous environment, and its degradation performance in WWTPs. SAC treatments, including physical, chemical (mainly advanced oxidation processes AOPs), biological, and hybrid processes, and possible degradation mechanisms are also considered. Of the various SAC removal processes, we find that adsorption-based physical methods exhibit relatively poor performance in terms of SAC removal, whereas chemical methods, especially hydroxy radical-mediated oxidation processes, possess excellent capacities for SAC elimination. Although biological degradation can be efficient at removing SAC, its efficiency depends on oxygen supply and the presence of other co-existing pollutants. Hybrid aerobic biodegradation processes combined with other treatments including AOPs could achieve complete SAC reduction. Furthermore, novel adsorbents, sustainable chemical methods, and bioaugmentation technologies, informed by in-depth studies of degradation mechanisms and the metabolic toxicity of intermediates, are expected further to enhance SAC removal efficiency and enable comprehensive control of SAC potential risks.

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Transformation of acesulfame in chlorination: Kinetics study, identification of byproducts, and toxicity assessment

Cited by 53 publications

References 44 publications

Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol by C, N-TiO2: Degradation Efficiency vs. Embryonic Toxicity of the Resulting Compounds

Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol by C, N-TiO2: Degradation Efficiency vs. Embryonic Toxicity of the Resulting Compounds

Review and synthesis of data on the potential environmental impact of artificial sweeteners

Determination, occurrence, and treatment of saccharin in water: A review

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