Transferosomes versus transethosomes for the dermal delivery for minoxidil: Preparation and in vitro/ex vivo appraisal

Allam, Ayat; Fathalla, Dina; Safwat, Mohamed; Soliman, Ghareb M.

doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103790

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 4 , the release of ITZ from the prepared TFS was done in two distinct phases. The initial rapid phase may be due to the release of ITZ which adsorbed on the surface of transferosomes, while the slow second phase may be due to the slow diffusion of ITZ through the phospholipid bilayer of transferosomes [ 46 ]. It was found that the release was high in the case of using SLS as a surfactant than in case of SDC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Optimization of Itraconazole Transferosomes-Loaded HPMC Hydrogel for Enhancing Its Antifungal Activity: 2^3 Full Factorial Design

et al. 2023

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Itraconazole (ITZ) is a triazole antifungal agent characterized by broad-spectrum activity against fungal infections. The main drawback of ITZ, when applied topically, is the low skin permeability due to the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, which represents the main barrier for drug penetration. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare itraconazole as transferosomes (ITZ-TFS) to overcome the barrier function of the skin. ITZ-TFSs were prepared by thin lipid film hydration technique using different surfactants, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC). The prepared ITZ-TFS were evaluated for entrapment efficiency (EE) %, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and in vitro drug release to obtain an optimized formula. The surface morphology of the optimized formula of ITZ-TFS was determined by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The optimized formulation was prepared in the form of gel using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) gel base. The prepared ITZ-TFS gel was evaluated for homogeneity, drug content, spreadability, pH, and in vitro antifungal activity in comparison with the free ITZ- gel. The prepared ITZ-TFS formulations exhibited high EE% ranging from 89.02 ± 1.65% to 98.17 ± 1.28% with particle size ranging from 132.6 ± 2.15 nm to 384.1 ± 3.46. The PDI for all ITZ-TFSs was less than 0.5 and had a negative zeta potential. The TEM image for the optimized formulation (ITZ-TFS4) showed spherical vesicles with a smooth surface. The prepared gels had good spreadability, pH, and acceptable drug content. ITZ-TFS gel showed higher antifungal activity than free ITZ gel as determined by zone of inhibition. ITZ was successfully prepared in form of TFSs with higher antifungal activity than the free drug.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Optimization of Itraconazole Transferosomes-Loaded HPMC Hydrogel for Enhancing Its Antifungal Activity: 2^3 Full Factorial Design

et al. 2023

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“…The development of transethosomes forces the incorporation of a variety of ingredients into the ethosomal formula in order to improve their properties and enhance the penetration power of the entrapped agents. The most commonly added edge activators are tween 80 (17,(19)(20)(21)54), oleic acid (55)(56)(57), and different types of bile salts (17,58,59). Tween 80 is employed in the ethosomal system at concentrations ranging from 10% to 50% of total phospholipid content and showed a potential to minimize vesicular size and improve system stability and skin-permeation qualities in ethosomal systems.…”

Section: Other Components Of Ethosomal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different studies revealed that the incorporation of oleic acid into the transethosomes produces more elastic vesicles of smaller vesicular size, higher entrapment efficiency (61), and also increased skin permeation and deposition of the loaded agents, besides enhancing the negative zeta potential of the vesicles (17). The bile salts are widely used permeation enhancer that could withstand alone such as bilosomes (62,63), and could be included in transethosmes (55,64). A study for instance, incorporated sodium deoxycholate in the transethosomal formula and it was found that sodium deoxycholate significantly increased both the entrapment efficiency and the vesicular size that was attributed to the electrostatic repulsion between the bilayers that increased the interbilayer distance (65).…”

Section: Other Components Of Ethosomal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethosomes: a potential nanocarrier for transdermal drug delivery‏

Abubakr

Ibrahem

salah

2023

ERU Research Journal

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Ethosomal system is a lipid vesicular nanocarrier that holds a high concentration of alcohols. This nanocarrier is optimized for the dermal and transdermal delivery of medicinal drugs with various physicochemical features. Since its release in 1996, ethosomes have been subjected to subsequent studies to modify the original formula via the addition of different components, leading to the development of novel ethosomal system types. These new carriers are prepared via a variety of methods and characterized through different parameters, including vesicular size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and skin permeation. The ethosomes efficacy in dermal/transdermal administration is evaluated via clinical studies as well as a wide range of in vivo models.Ethosomal dispersions are frequently incorporated into topical preparations, including gels, patches, and lotions, due to their stability and convenience. This article provides a thorough overview of ethosomal systems from the standpoint of ethosomal types, beginning with classical ethosomes and progressing to binary ethosomes and transethosomes. In addition, this work provides a comprehensive overview of the components of the ethosomal system and their contribution to the final properties of ethosomes, besides highlighting the different methods of preparation and the common dosage forms used as ethosomes' vehicles.

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“…Currently, there have been few successfully developed TEs for the effective delivery of the medicament. Allam et al (2022) successfully developed minoxidil loaded TEs and transferosome in the treatment of alopecia related to androgen. The authors reported a maximum of 3.36-fold improvement in skin permeability with significant drug entrapment.…”

Section: Consideration Of Tesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors reported a maximum of 3.36‐fold improvement in skin permeability with significant drug entrapment. It observed a maximum of 79.2% of entrapment in transferosome along with high drug skin deposition (Allam et al, 2022).…”

Section: Research Based Consideration Of Tesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transethosomes: Cutting edge approach for drug permeation enhancement in transdermal drug delivery system

Nayak¹,

Mohanty²,

Mishra³

et al. 2023

Chem Biol Drug Des

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The skin is a major route of drug administration. Despite the high surface area of the skin, drug delivery via the skin route is problematic due to its physiological obstacles. The formulation scientist has developed a vesicular system to enhance the skin's absorption of bioactive substances. Among numerous vesicular systems, concept of transethosomes (TEs) introduced in 2012 are being tested for drug delivery to the dermis. When transferosomes and ethosomes interact, TEs are produced. It consists of water, ethanol, phospholipids, and an edge activator. Ethanol and the edge activator increase the absorption of medication through the skin. In the presence of ethanol and an edge activator, skin permeability can increase. The advantages of TEs include increased patient compliance, bypassing first‐pass metabolism, including non‐toxic raw components, being a noninvasive method of drug delivery, being more stable, biocompatible, biodegradable, and administered in semisolid form. TEs can be produced through the use of hot, cold, mechanical dispersion, and conventional techniques. The morphology, shape, size, zeta potential, drug loading efficiency, vesicle yield, biophysical interactions, and stability of TEs define them. Recent studies reported successful transdermal distribution of antifungal, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, and cardiovascular bioactive while using ethosomes with significant deeper penetration in skin. The review extensively discussed various claims on TEs developed by researchers, patents, and marketed ethosomes. However, till today no patens being granted on TEs. There are still lingering difficulties related to ethanol‐based TEs that require substantial research to fix.

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Transferosomes versus transethosomes for the dermal delivery for minoxidil: Preparation and in vitro/ex vivo appraisal

Cited by 11 publications

References 65 publications

Preparation and Optimization of Itraconazole Transferosomes-Loaded HPMC Hydrogel for Enhancing Its Antifungal Activity: 2^3 Full Factorial Design

Preparation and Optimization of Itraconazole Transferosomes-Loaded HPMC Hydrogel for Enhancing Its Antifungal Activity: 2^3 Full Factorial Design

Ethosomes: a potential nanocarrier for transdermal drug delivery‏

Transethosomes: Cutting edge approach for drug permeation enhancement in transdermal drug delivery system

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