“…The interactions in these SC ecosystems are very complex and are triggered by mutual interrelations and feedback between SCs, nature, society, and the economy ( Ivanov, 2020a ). In their literature review of nature inspired SC solutions, Turken et al (2020) show that many companies and researchers are looking to nature for solutions to the growing complexity of SCs ( Brüning et al, 2014 ; Byrne et al, 2018 ; Demirel et al, 2018 ; Ivanov, 2020a ; Kidd, 1994 ; Monostori, 2018 ; Sivakumar et al, 2012 ; Turken et al, 2020 ). Researchers have developed several algorithms inspired from nature to solve large scale and complex problems, e.g., Dwarf Mongoose Optimization Algorithm ( Agushaka et al, 2022 ); Aquila optimizer ( Abualigah et al, 2021 ); Reptile Search Algorithm ( Abualigah et al, 2022 ); Ebola Optimization Search Algorithm ( Oyelade et al, 2022 ).…”