Transfer of symbiotic luminous bacteria from parental Leiognathus nuchalis to their offspring

Wada, Mitsuru; Azuma, Nobuyuki; Mizuno, Naoki; Kurokura, Hisashi

doi:10.1007/s002270050669

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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Section: Luminescent Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is some evidence that luminous bacteria pass from the adults to offspring [107]. In particular, it was found that offspring from spotnape ponyfish (Leiognathus nuchalis) eggs, which were hatched in the absence of adults, did not develop luminescence activity [107]. Conversely, juvenile fish developed bioluminescence within 48 h of contact with adults or inoculation with a homogenate of the adult light-emitting organs [107].…”

Section: Luminescent Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, it was found that offspring from spotnape ponyfish (Leiognathus nuchalis) eggs, which were hatched in the absence of adults, did not develop luminescence activity [107]. Conversely, juvenile fish developed bioluminescence within 48 h of contact with adults or inoculation with a homogenate of the adult light-emitting organs [107]. From this work, the inference was that juvenile fish became infected with symbiotic luminous bacteria from the light-emitting organ of adult fish, thereby gaining the ability to become bioluminescent [107].…”

Section: Luminescent Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Bacterial Microflora of Fish

Austin

2002

The Scientific World JOURNAL

102

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The results of numerous studies indicate that fish possess bacterial populations on or in their skin, gills, digestive tract, and light-emitting organs. In addition, the internal organs (kidney, liver, and spleen) of healthy fish may contain bacteria, but there is debate on whether or not muscle is actually sterile. The numbers and taxonomic composition of the bacterial populations often reflect those of the surrounding water. The role of the bacteria includes the ability to degrade complex molecules (therefore exercising a potential benefit in nutrition), to produce vitamins and polymers, and to be responsible for the emission of light by the light-emitting organs of deep-sea fish. Taxa, including Pseudomonas, may contribute to spoilage by the production of histamines in fish tissue.

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Section: Luminescent Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Luminescent Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Luminescent Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Bacterial Microflora of Fish

Austin

2002

The Scientific World JOURNAL

102

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“…In the nascent escal light organs of two wild-caught specimens of Melanocetus murrayi (Lophiiformes: Melanocetidae), bacteria were apparently absent from the light organ of the smaller specimen (18.5 mm in SL) but were present in the light organ of the larger specimen (36.0 mm in SL), and the presence of bacteria in the larger specimen correlated with formation of a duct connecting the light organ to the environment (38). Juveniles of N. nuchalis, reared from experimentally fertilized eggs, apparently were aposymbiotic and were able to initiate the symbiosis when presented with P. leiognathi (51). In general, these studies indicate that ontogeny of light organs in various bacterially luminous fish begins early in fish development, in most cases apparently during preflexion or flexion stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Growth of the bacterial population within the light organ leads to a release of excess cells from the light organ into the seawater (23,41), from which the bacteria colonize various other habitats (14,24,40). In the only experimental study, bacteria could be passed via seawater from adults to aposymbiotic juveniles to reinitiate the symbiosis (51). To date, four bacterial species, Aliivibrio fischeri, Photobacterium kishitanii, Photobacterium leiognathi, and "Photobacterium mandapamensis," have been identified as bioluminescent symbionts of fish (17,26,48).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental and Microbiological Analysis of the Inception of Bioluminescent Symbiosis in the Marine FishNuchequula nuchalis(Perciformes: Leiognathidae)

Dunlap

Davis

Tomiyama

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Many marine fish harbor luminous bacteria as bioluminescent symbionts. Despite the diversity, abundance, and ecological importance of these fish and their apparent dependence on luminous bacteria for survival and reproduction, little is known about developmental and microbiological events surrounding the inception of their symbioses. To gain insight on these issues, we examined wild-caught larvae of the leiognathid fish Nuchequula nuchalis, a species that harbors Photobacterium leiognathi as its symbiont, for the presence, developmental state, and microbiological status of the fish's internal, supraesophageal light organ. Nascent light organs were evident in the smallest specimens obtained, flexion larvae of 6.0 to 6.5 mm in notochord length (NL), a developmental stage at which the stomach had not yet differentiated and the nascent gasbladder had not established an interface with the light organ. Light organs of certain of the specimens in this size range apparently lacked bacteria, whereas light organs of other specimens of 6.5 mm in NL and of all larger specimens harbored large populations of bacteria, representatives of which were identified as P. leiognathi. Bacteria identified as Vibrio harveyi were also present in the light organ of one larval specimen. Light organ populations were composed typically of two or three genetically distinct strain types of P. leiognathi, similar to the situation in adult fish, and the same strain type was only rarely found in light organs of different larval, juvenile, or adult specimens. Light organs of larvae carried a smaller proportion of strains merodiploid for the lux-rib operon, 79 of 249 strains, than those of adults (75 of 91 strains). These results indicate that light organs of N. nuchalis flexion and postflexion larvae of 6.0 to 6.7 mm in NL are at an early stage of development and that inception of the symbiosis apparently occurs in flexion larvae of 6.0 to 6.5 mm in NL. Ontogeny of the light organ therefore apparently precedes acquisition of the symbiotic bacteria. Furthermore, bacterial populations in larval light organs near inception of the symbiosis are genetically diverse, like those of adult fish.

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Luminous Marine Organisms

Haddock

2006

Photoproteins in Bioanalysis

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Transfer of symbiotic luminous bacteria from parental Leiognathus nuchalis to their offspring

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

The Bacterial Microflora of Fish

The Bacterial Microflora of Fish

Developmental and Microbiological Analysis of the Inception of Bioluminescent Symbiosis in the Marine FishNuchequula nuchalis(Perciformes: Leiognathidae)

Luminous Marine Organisms

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