Transfer of specific IgG and IgG subclasses to herpes simplex virus across the blood‐brain barrier and placenta in preterm and term newborns

Osuga, Tatsuyuki; Morishima, Tsuneo; Hanada, Naoki; Nishikawa, Kiyonobu; Isobe, Ken‐ichi; Watanabe, Kazumasa

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12105.x

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the human, the placenta is the predominant route (Dancis et al, 1961;Linnet-Jepsen and Galatius-Jensen, 1958). Immunoglobulins in the fetal circulation almost exclusively consist of maternal IgG and a wide spectrum of different antibodies like specific IgG antitetanous toxoid, anti-group-A streptococcal carbohydrate and anti-herpes simplex virus have been described (Eichhorn et al, 1987;Osuga et al, 1992). Throughout evolution the placenta developed a complex transport system to allow a large variety of highly specific antibodies to cross the different tissue layers without interfering with the protective function of the barrier between maternal and fetal organism.…”

Section: Evolution Of Maternofetal Transport Of Immunoglobulins Durinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor-mediated uptake and transport of macromolecules in the human placenta

Schneider¹,

Miller²

2010

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human placenta is required to be the anchor, the conduit and the controller during pregnancy. The survival of the baby and its associated placenta is dependent upon the placenta shielding the embryo/fetus from harm, e.g., autoimmune disease -thrombophilia, antiphospholipid syndrome or infections, while simultaneously providing for the passage of critical nutrients (e.g., amino acids, vitamins) and beneficial immunoglobulins. In a number of instances, the movements of macromolecules into and through the placenta can result in the passage of the intact molecules into the fetal circulation or in the case of proteins -catabolism to amino acids which are utilized by the placenta and the fetus for continued growth and development. The transfer of two such macromolecules, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin or B12), are examined as to the unique receptor-mediated transfer capability of the human placenta, its transfer specificity as related to specific receptors and the role of endogeneous placental proteins (trancobalamins) in facilitating the recognition and transport of specifically B12. Brief comparisons will be made to other animal species and the differences in specific organ transfer capabilities. KEY WORDS: immunoglobulin IgG, transcobalamin, vitamin B12, placental transport, human Overview of macromolecule transport and catabolism by the placenta and extraembryonic membranes in different speciesThe development of the embryo and fetus is dependent upon the function of the placenta and its extraembryonic membranes in every mammalian species. Of significance is the interdependence of theses extraembryonic tissues in maintaining the conceptus and allowing for normal development.Across species, macromolecules play multiple roles in providing for this development. In particular, the transport physiologists and membrane biochemist focus on the transporters and the transcytosis that occurs for immuno-regulators and essential vitamins for normal development. Yet even the basic building blocks created by the degradation of these macromolecules provide for the growth of both fetus and placenta. The large contribution of amino acids from the metabolism of proteins, e.g., maternal albumin and other circulating proteins, provide the large Int.

show abstract

Section: Evolution Of Maternofetal Transport Of Immunoglobulins Durinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor-mediated uptake and transport of macromolecules in the human placenta

Schneider¹,

Miller²

2010

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because only lymphocytes produce Igs and because they begin to function later in the fetal period [18,19], we suggest that Igs in early embryos are of maternal origin. The transfer of Igs through the placenta has been previously described [20,21]. Specific IgG and IgA were found in the coelomic liquid of 6 -12-wk-old human embryos and fetuses whose mothers had antibodies to rubella, Toxoplasma gondii, and cytomegalovirus [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Secretory Component, J Chain, and Immunoglobulins in Human Embryos and Fetuses of the First Trimester of Pregnancy: Immunohistochemical Study

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In our previous studies, we described the development of the secretory (mucosal) immune system (SIS) in human fetuses in the second trimester of pregnancy. In the present study, we examined the presence and distribution of components of this system in human embryos and early fetuses in the first trimester. An immunohistochemical study was performed on 17 embryos and 9 fetuses (4 to 12 wk of development) using antibodies against secretory component (SC), joining (J) chain, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG), subsets of T and B lymphocytes, and macrophages. Cells positive for SC, J chain, and IgG were found in epithelial tissues from wk 4 of pregnancy. In the internal organs, such as the myocardium and endocardium, capillary endothelium, epithelium of the kidney tubules and some others, only J chain and immunoglobulins were seen. IgA was weakly reactive in tissues where SC and/or J chain were presented. IgM was very weak or absent. Among the cellular components of the SIS, only macrophages were seen in 4-wk-old embryos. CD3+ and CD20+ lymphocytes were found at wk 7 to 8. IgA- and IgM-positive lymphocytes appeared at the end of wk 9. The SIS is widespread in embryonic and early fetal periods and begins to function before the appearance of the common immune system in the developing organism. The first functional components of the SIS, such as IgG and IgA observed in this study, are most probably of maternal origin.

show abstract

“…The Igs seen in the embryonic tissue appear to be of maternal and not of embryonic origin. The placental barrier has been shown to be permeable for maternal IgG 20,21 . Specific IgG and IgA were found in the coelomic fluid of 6–12‐week‐old embryos and fetuses suffering from rubella, cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii infections in amounts similar to their concentrations in the maternal blood 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%