Transfer of resistance against the beet cyst nematode from radish (Raphanus sativus) to rape (Brassica napus) by monosomic chromosome addition

Abstract

In rape ( Brassica napus), no resistance to the beet cyst nematode (BCN) Heterodera schachtii is available. This study was carried out to determine the specific chromosome(s) of resistant radish ( Raphanus sativus) carrying the gene(s) for nematode resistance as a prequisite to convert rape from a host into a trap crop for this pest. A Raphanobrassica progeny of 25 plants was analyzed which segregated for all nine chromosomes of the Raphanus genome in a genetic background of synthetic rape. The number of radish chromosomes was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization, using the Raphanus-specific DNA probe pURsN; and their type was identified by chromosome-specific randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Five different multiple rape-radish chromosome additions (comprising the whole set of nine radish chromosomes, a-i) were selected and crossed to rape. For each cross-progeny, the number of cysts on plant roots was counted 42 days after inoculation with a L2 larvae suspension. Simultaneously, the plants were characterized for the presence or absence of individual radish chromosomes, using sets of chromosome-specific markers. Thus, the effect of each radish chromosome on cyst number was tested. Chromosome d had a major resistance effect, whereas the presence/absence of the other radish chromosomes had nearly no influence on cyst number. Plants with added chromosome d showed a resistance level comparable with that of the radish donor parent. The analysis in the cross to rape of a plant monosomic only for chromosome d confirmed the strong effect of this chromosome on nematode resistance. A further experiment comprising seven crosses using winter rape breeding lines and monosomic addition line d as pollen parent provided the same results on a broader genetic basis. In each case, the added chromosome d in a single dosage caused nearly the full resistance of the radish donor. Resistance was independent of the glucosinolate content in the roots. The possibilities for stabilizing BCN resistance in rape and its use for other crops and nematodes are discussed.

Production of intergeneric allotetraploid between autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino) and autotetraploid radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

“…Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is cultivated worldwide. It possesses desirable agronomic characters, such as resistance to white rust (Albugo candida) [12], BCN (Heterodera schachtii) [13,14] and culbroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) [15], as well as resistance to pod shattering [16]. Besides, various related wild species have attracted research attention as potential germplasms for improvement of Brassica crops [17].…”

Production and characterization of Brassica napus-Raphanus sativus monosomic addition lines mediated by the synthetic amphidiploid "Raphanobrassica"

“…Radish possesses agronomically useful traits such as resistances to beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) Krens 1992, Peterka et al 2004), clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) (Ashizawa et al 1980) and white rust (Albugo candida) (Kolte et al 1991) and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) (Ogura 1968, Ikegaya 1986a, 1986b. Other Brassicaceae crops often lack these traits, and a large number of rape cultivars are susceptible to beet cyst nematode (Peterka et al 2004) and clubroot (Ashizawa et al 1980). Therefore, radish can be used as a nuclear and/or cytoplasm donor plant for the modification of rape.…”

“…In Brassicaceae with a number of important agricultural crops, several MAL series have been successfully bred through interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations to Communicated by T. Terachi Received August 25, 2008. Accepted February 19, 2009 express their phenotypic characteristics (Kaneko et al 1987, 2001, Quiros et al 1987, Jahier et al 1989, Struss et al 1991, Chen et al 1992, Srinivasan et al 1998, Bang et al 2002, Peterka et al 2004. These MALs have been also analyzed to locate the agronomic traits and gene(s) on the added chromosome (Zhu et al 1993, Chévre et al 1996, Kaneko et al 1996, Chen et al 1997, Peterka et al 2004, Bang et al 2009).…”

Identification and evaluation of clubroot resistance of radish chromosome using a Brassica napus-Raphanus sativus monosomic addition line

“…On the other hand, rape (Brassica napus L. 2n = 38, AACC), which includes winter and spring oilseed, fodder and vegetables rape forms, is today the most-widely cultivated crop species in the crucifer family (Brassicaceae), and a large number of rape cultivars are susceptible to beet cyst nematode (Peterka et al 2004) and clubroot (Ashizawa et al 1980). Therefore, radish is an important genetic resource for the breeding of rape.…”

“…For example, Kaneko et al (1996) found that the turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) resistance gene(s) was located on the f-chromosome of kale using a R. sativus-B. oleracea MAL series, and Peterka et al (2004) found that the beet cyst nematode (BCN) resistance gene(s) was located on the d-chromosome of radish using a B. napus-R. sativus MAL series.…”