Transfer of radioactive materials from the terrestrial environment to animals and man

Garner, R.J.; Comar, C. L.

doi:10.1080/10643387109381585

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…The most obvious example is the radiation dose from radioiodine via milk consumption, with a somewhat smaller contribution via vegetables (68)(69)(70). Similar but less dramatic relationships exist for other fission products as pointed out by Garner (8). Even in these instances, however, the contamination reaching the food via foliar deposition outweighs that from root uptake even after many years of chronic deposition to soil (68).…”

Section: Critical Pathway Considerations (Food Chains)mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…This half-life and retention function have been experimentally determined for a few radionuclides, e.g., strontium and iodine (8,9) (73) out to 50 years postaccident. The total resuspended Pu added about 80% to the initial ingestion dose resulting from direct deposition onto plants during the accident.…”

Section: Critical Pathway Considerations (Food Chains)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results just discussed were obtained using a fraction of 25% of deposited material initially on the plant (75% on the soil) and an exponential half-life for plant retention of 14 days (8,71). This half-life and retention function have been experimentally determined for a few radionuclides, e.g., strontium and iodine (8,9) (73) out to 50 years postaccident.…”

Section: Critical Pathway Considerations (Food Chains)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also, quite naturally, gave rise to empirical equations designed to predict the concentration of selected radionuclides in human diet (8,9).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Exposure Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Problems in Evaluating Radiation Dose via Terrestrial and Aquatic Pathways

Vaughan¹,

Soldat²,

Schreckhise³

et al. 1981

Environmental Health Perspectives

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This review is concerned with exposure risk and the environmental pathways models used for predictive assessment of radiation dose. Exposure factors, the adequacy of available data, and the model subcomponents are critically reviewed from the standpoint of absolute error propagation. Although the models are inherently capable of better absolute accuracy, a calculated dose is usually overestimated by from two to six orders of magnitude, in practice. The principal reason for so large an error lies in using "generic" concentration ratios in situations where site specific data are needed.Major opinion of the model makers suggests a number midway between these extremes, with only a small likelihood of ever underestimating the radiation dose. Detailed evaluations are made of source considerations influencing dose (i.e., physical and chemical status of released material); dispersal mechanisms (atmospheric, hydrologic and biotic vector transport); mobilization and uptake mechanisms (i.e., chemical and other factors affecting the biological availability of radioelements); and critical pathways. Examples are shown of confounding in food-chain pathways, due to uncritical application of concentration ratios. Current thoughts of replacing the critical pathways approach to calculating dose with comprehensive model calculations are also shown to be ill-advised, given present limitations in the comprehensive data base. The pathways models may also require improved parametrization, as they are not at present structured adequately to lend themselves to validation. The extremely wide errors associated with predicting exposure stand in striking contrast to the error range associated with the extrapolation of animal effects data to the human being.

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Section: Critical Pathway Considerations (Food Chains)mentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Critical Pathway Considerations (Food Chains)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critical Pathway Considerations (Food Chains)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also, quite naturally, gave rise to empirical equations designed to predict the concentration of selected radionuclides in human diet (8,9).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Exposure Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Problems in Evaluating Radiation Dose via Terrestrial and Aquatic Pathways

Vaughan¹,

Soldat²,

Schreckhise³

et al. 1981

Environmental Health Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The actinium series and other primordial radioisotopes in the earth's crust contribute very little to man's radiation dose (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The isotope 40K contributes about 17 mrem/yr of the 25 mrem/yr average internal whole body dose (3b).…”

Section: Naturally Occurring Materials As Sources Of Radiation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%