Transfer of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Between Intermingled Ecological Niches: The Interface Between Humans, Animals and the Environment

Costa, Paulo Martins da; Loureiro, Luís; Matos, Augusto de

doi:10.3390/ijerph10010278

Cited by 259 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…8,9 E. coli may acquire other antibiotic resistance traits from surroundings bacteria and conversely it can spread its resistance genes to different potential pathogens. 10 The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of uropathogenic E. coli among people, of both genders aged nine months to 63 years, referring to Zakho emergency hospital and private laboratories in Zakho city/Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Also, to study their resistance against antimicrobials used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) to provide data to help direct empirical therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic E. coli among people in Zakho, Iraq

2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic E. coli among people in Zakho, Iraq

2016

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“…Interestingly, the current study suggested that the FEC isolates exhibit more diversity in their resistance profiles than CEC isolates. It has been previously suggested that commensal E. coli flora are a source of emerging and developing E. coli resistant strains and/or resistance genes (da Costa et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genetic flexibility of bacteria enables them to adapt, evolve and survive in their environment by developing different resistance mechanisms (Acar et al, 2012). The emergence, selection and the spread of strains also occurs due to selection pressure and antimicrobial consumption in animals, as well as, humans (Boerlin and Reid-Smith, 2008;Boerlin and White, 2013;da Costa et al, 2013;Guardabassi and Kruse, 2008). The complexity of AMR in veterinary medicine is due to different animal species, variations in bacterial species and the diversity of rearing environments (Wasyl et al, 2012;Wasyl et al, 2013).…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indirect transmission can occur through the release of animal waste into the environment (Aidara-Kane, 2012; da Costa et al, 2013;Ewers et al, 2007;Gonzalez-Zorn and Escudero, 2012;Graham et al, 2008). Antimicrobial resistance genes and VGs can be transferred from bacteria found in animals, to bacteria found in humans, through MGE, such as plasmids or transposons (Arias and Carrilho, 2012;da Costa et al, 2013;Johnson et al, 2010;Szmolka and Nagy, 2013).…”

Section: Public Health Significance Of Apecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance mechanisms can develop due to mutations (vertical transmission) or through the acquisition of resistance genes from other bacterial strains by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) (Boerlin and Reid-Smith, 2008;Boerlin and White, 2013;da Costa et al, 2013;Davies, 1994;MartinezMedina et al, 2009). The transmission of genetic material from one generation to the next during replication is known as vertical gene transmission (Rodriguez-Rojas et al, 2013).…”

Section: Acquisition and Transfer Of Antimicrobial Resistance Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Awawdeh¹,

Turni²,

Henning³

et al.

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, a localised or systemic infection resulting in clinical diseases such as colisepticemia, chronic respiratory disease and swollen-head syndrome. Globally, avian colibacillosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, and it has been associated with massive economic losses and welfare problems.This organism is of public health significance as APEC is communicable to humans. The diagnosis of avian colibacillosis relies on clinical signs, typical pathological lesions and culture of E. coli from affected tissue(s). Antimicrobial therapy is often used both for treatment and control. Previous overseas studies have characterised APEC and identified virulence genes (VGs) that can be used as molecular markers for the identification of APEC. Little is known about APEC in broiler chickens in Australia.The aim of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of APEC in Australian broiler flocks and how factors including presence of VGs and phylogenetic group can improve the identification of this pathotype in Australia. Firstly, three faecal DNA extraction methods were evaluated. Faeces were collected from healthy chickens and chickens with colibacillosis from commercial broiler farms in South East Queensland (SEQ). The extracted DNA was screened by a pentaplex-PCR for five APEC-associated VGs (iroN, iutA, iss, hlyF and ompT). DNA extracted from E. coli isolates cultured from the cloaca and organs of the birds were screened using the same PCR.Repeated bead beating plus column elution was the preferred DNA extraction method, as it yielded good PCR quality and adequate quantity DNA. However, identifying APEC by direct detection of the five VGs from the faecal material was not feasible as all of these genes were also detected in all of the birds. However, the VGs were more commonly detected in E. coli isolates cultured from birds with colibacillosis.A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate APEC farm-level prevalence in healthy broiler chickens in SEQ and to identify potential risk factors associated with the carriage of APEC. At the farm-level, all of the 40 farms sampled were positive for APEC, that is at least one bird per farm carried APEC, while the within-farm prevalence was 63% (95% Confidence Interval: 55.8, 70.2).Higher APEC within-farm bird-level prevalence was significantly associated with the usage of well water as a source of drinking water, failure to disinfect the water line after each flock, farm visitors not showering before entering the shed, distances greater than 20 metres between the car park and the poultry shed and the presence of wild birds within 50 metres of the shed. Chlorinating the drinking water combined with automatic water filtration reduced within-farm bird-level APEC prevalence. Page | 3Therefore, based on the results concluded from the multivariable model, improving biosecurity and water treatments might reduce APEC prevalence, decrease the risk of co...

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Multidrug Resistance

Marshall¹,

Bavro²

2019

Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics – From Molecules to Man

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Transfer of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Between Intermingled Ecological Niches: The Interface Between Humans, Animals and the Environment

Cited by 259 publications

References 108 publications

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic E. coli among people in Zakho, Iraq

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic E. coli among people in Zakho, Iraq

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Multidrug Resistance

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