Transfer of low nanoliter volumes between microplates using focused acoustics?automation considerations

Ellson, Richard; Mutz, Mitchell W.; Browning, Brent; Lee, Lawrence; Miller, Michael; Papen, Roeland

doi:10.1016/s1535-5535(03)00011-x

Cited by 67 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) technology uses sound energy to transfer small-volume liquid droplets between reservoirs and/or microtiter plates, and a detailed description of the technology is provided in this journal edition by Ellson et al 1 ADE has been used in life sciences applications for over a decade, 2 and the benefits of using ADE technology to dose compounds into biological assays (particularly compared with using aqueous serial dilutions) have been described extensively elsewhere. 3 The small-volume transfers enabled by ADE mitigate the impact of the use of DMSO on biological assays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and Challenges of Direct Acoustic Dosing into Cell-Based Assays

et al. 2016

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Since the adoption of Labcyte Echo Acoustic Droplet Ejection (ADE) technology by AstraZeneca in 2005, ADE has become the preferred method for compound dosing into both biochemical and cell-based assays across AstraZeneca research and development globally. The initial implementation of Echos and the direct dosing workflow provided AstraZeneca with a unique set of challenges. In this article, we outline how direct Echo dosing has evolved over the past decade in AstraZeneca. We describe the practical challenges of applying ADE technology to 96-well, 384-well, and 1536-well assays and how AstraZeneca developed and applied software and robotic solutions to generate fully automated and effective cell-based assay workflows.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and Challenges of Direct Acoustic Dosing into Cell-Based Assays

et al. 2016

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“…We should also add that the ADE process produces drops with excellent reproducibility: the volume coefficient of variation (CV) is typically less than 2%. 4 The dominant physics driving ADE has been shown to be remarkably unchanged over a wide range of frequencies covering more than two decades, producing droplet volume ranges spanning more than six orders of magnitude. With typical fluid sound velocities in the range of 1-2 km/s, typical RF drive frequencies range from about 1 to 200 MHz to generate drops in the subpicoliter to microliter range, with tonebursts in the microsecond to half-millisecond range.…”

Section: Principles Of Ade-focusing On a Single Fluid Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving Liquids with Sound: The Physics of Acoustic Droplet Ejection for Robust Laboratory Automation in Life Sciences

Hadimioglu¹,

Stearns²,

Ellson³

2016

SLAS Technology

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Liquid handling instruments for life science applications based on droplet formation with focused acoustic energy or acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) were introduced commercially more than a decade ago. While the idea of “moving liquids with sound” was known in the 20th century, the development of precise methods for acoustic dispensing to aliquot life science materials in the laboratory began in earnest in the 21st century with the adaptation of the controlled “drop on demand” acoustic transfer of droplets from high-density microplates for high-throughput screening (HTS) applications. Robust ADE implementations for life science applications achieve excellent accuracy and precision by using acoustics first to sense the liquid characteristics relevant for its transfer, and then to actuate transfer of the liquid with customized application of sound energy to the given well and well fluid in the microplate. This article provides an overview of the physics behind ADE and its central role in both acoustical and rheological aspects of robust implementation of ADE in the life science laboratory and its broad range of ejectable materials.

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“…With this technology, acoustic energy can be focused to accurately and precisely transfer compound solutions in DMSO from a source plate to an assay plate. 2,3 Compound transfer by ADE has enabled the robust production and use of assay-ready plates (ARPs) in primary screening and dose-response confirmation of hits. 4,5 Many characteristics of ADE make it ideal for such applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compound Transfer by Acoustic Droplet Ejection Promotes Quality and Efficiency in Ultra-High-Throughput Screening Campaigns

Dawes¹,

Turincio²,

Jones³

et al. 2016

SLAS Technology

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Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) as a means of transferring library compounds has had a dramatic impact on the way in which high-throughput screening campaigns are conducted in many laboratories. Two Labcyte Echo ADE liquid handlers form the core of the compound transfer operation in our 1536-well based ultra-high-throughput screening (uHTS) system. Use of these instruments has promoted flexibility in compound formatting in addition to minimizing waste and eliminating compound carryover. We describe the use of ADE for the generation of assay-ready plates for primary screening as well as for follow-up dose-response evaluations. Custom software has enabled us to harness the information generated by the ADE instrumentation. Compound transfer via ADE also contributes to the screening process outside of the uHTS system. A second fully automated ADE-based system has been used to augment the capacity of the uHTS system as well as to permit efficient use of previously picked compound aliquots for secondary assay evaluations. Essential to the utility of ADE in the high-throughput screening process is the high quality of the resulting data. Examples of data generated at various stages of high-throughput screening campaigns are provided. Advantages and disadvantages of the use of ADE in high-throughput screening are discussed.

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Transfer of low nanoliter volumes between microplates using focused acoustics?automation considerations

Cited by 67 publications

References 8 publications

Implementation and Challenges of Direct Acoustic Dosing into Cell-Based Assays

Implementation and Challenges of Direct Acoustic Dosing into Cell-Based Assays

Moving Liquids with Sound: The Physics of Acoustic Droplet Ejection for Robust Laboratory Automation in Life Sciences

Compound Transfer by Acoustic Droplet Ejection Promotes Quality and Efficiency in Ultra-High-Throughput Screening Campaigns

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