Transfer of low level trimethoprim resistance in faecal isolates obtained from apparently healthy Nigerian students

Lamikanra, Adebayo; Fayinka, Susan T.; Olusanya, O.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03124.x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The extracts of the two most active plants M. tomentosa and T. heudelotti were further fractionated to ascertain the properties of the active ingredients. These were tested against 50 multidrug resistant isolates from clinical and environmental sources including the organisms from the family Enterobacteriaceae which are commonly involved in clinical infections and are known to be highly versatile at acquiring resistance characteristics (Lamikanra et al, 1989). Two versatile pathogens, P. aeruginosa, a major nosocomial pathogen with low intrinsic susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and very high ability to acquire resistance, and S. aureus were also among those tested The organisms studied covered gram positive and gram-negative isolates (Table 3) and the demonstrated activities of the fractions showed that these plants have a wide spectrum of activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plants

Aladesanmi

Iwalewa²,

Adebajo³

et al. 2008

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Ten Nigerian plants suggested from their ethnomedical uses to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were studied for their anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Candida pseudotropicalis and Trichophyton rubrum (clinical isolate). Trichilia heudelotti leaf extract showed both antibacterial and antifungal activities and was the most active against all the strains of bacteria tested. Boerhavia diffusa, Markhamia tomentosa and T. heudelotti leaf extracts inhibited the gram negative bacteria E.coli and P. aeruginosa strains whereas those of M. tomentosa, T. heudelotti and Sphenoceutrum jollyamum root inhibited at least one of the fungi tested. At a concentration of 312 µg/ml, hexane and chloroform fractions of T. heudelotti extract inhibited 6 and 14% of the fifty mult-idrug resistant bacteria isolates from clinical infectins, respectively. At ≤ 5mg/ml, the CHCl 3 (64%) and aqueous (22%) fractions of T. heudelotti and those of CHCl 3 (34%) and EtOAC (48%) of M. tomentosa gave the highest inhibition that was stronger than their corresponding methanol extracts. The corresponding EC 50 of the extracts on M. acuminata, T. heudelotti, E. senegalensis and M. tomentosa were 4.00, 6.50, 13.33, and 16.50 ig/ml using the TLC staining and 1,1-dipheyl-2-picry-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Therefore, leaf extracts of M. tomentosa and T. heudelotti, especially the latter, possess strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and should be further investigated. These activities justified the ethnomedical uses of these plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plants

Aladesanmi

Iwalewa²,

Adebajo³

et al. 2008

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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“…Residents of developing countries often carry antibiotic-resistant fecal commensal organisms (13,88). Visitors to developing countries passively acquire antibiotic-resistant gut Escherichia coli, even if they are not taking prophylactic antibiotics, which suggests that they encounter a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant strains during travel (89).…”

Section: Dissemination Of Resistant Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic and Behavioral Factors Leading to Acquired Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics in Developing Countries

Okeke

Lamikanra

Edelman

1999

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

527

403

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In developing countries, acquired bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is common in isolates from healthy persons and from persons with community-acquired infections. Complex socioeconomic and behavioral factors associated with antibiotic resistance, particularly regarding diarrheal and respiratory pathogens, in developing tropical countries, include misuse of antibiotics by health professionals, unskilled practitioners, and laypersons; poor drug quality; unhygienic conditions accounting for spread of resistant bacteria; and inadequate surveillance.

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“…Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal E. coli isolated from human sources in community settings in low-and middle-income countries. ,28,29,43,44,46,47,49,50,53,55,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][68][69][70][71][72] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy human sources in community settings

Nji¹,

Kazibwe

Hambridge

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis that requires urgent action to stop its spread. To counteract the spread of antibiotic resistance, we must improve our understanding of the origin and spread of resistant bacteria in both community and healthcare settings. Unfortunately, little attention is being given to contain the spread of antibiotic resistance in community settings (i.e., locations outside of a hospital inpatient, acute care setting, or a hospital clinic setting), despite some studies have consistently reported a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the community settings. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy humans in community settings in LMICs. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we synthesized studies conducted from 1989 to May 2020. A total of 9363 articles were obtained from the search and prevalence data were extracted from 33 articles and pooled together. This gave a pooled prevalence of antibiotic resistance (top ten antibiotics commonly prescribed in LMICs) in commensal E. coli isolates from human sources in community settings in LMICs of: ampicillin (72% of 13,531 isolates, 95% CI: 65–79), cefotaxime (27% of 6700 isolates, 95% CI: 12–44), chloramphenicol (45% of 7012 isolates, 95% CI: 35–53), ciprofloxacin (17% of 10,618 isolates, 95% CI: 11–25), co-trimoxazole (63% of 10,561 isolates, 95% CI: 52–73), nalidixic acid (30% of 9819 isolates, 95% CI: 21–40), oxytetracycline (78% of 1451 isolates, 95% CI: 65–88), streptomycin (58% of 3831 isolates, 95% CI: 44–72), tetracycline (67% of 11,847 isolates, 95% CI: 59–74), and trimethoprim (67% of 3265 isolates, 95% CI: 59–75). Here, we provided an appraisal of the evidence of the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance by commensal E. coli in community settings in LMICs. Our findings will have important ramifications for public health policy design to contain the spread of antibiotic resistance in community settings. Indeed, commensal E. coli is the main reservoir for spreading antibiotic resistance to other pathogenic enteric bacteria via mobile genetic elements.

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Transfer of low level trimethoprim resistance in faecal isolates obtained from apparently healthy Nigerian students

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plants

Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plants

Socioeconomic and Behavioral Factors Leading to Acquired Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics in Developing Countries

High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy human sources in community settings

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