Transfer of Learning: What Does It Tell Us About Speech Production Units?

Caudrelier, Tiphaine; Schwartz, Jean‐Luc; Perrier, Michel; Gerber, Silvain; Rochet-Capellan, Amélie

doi:10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0130

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In fact, the question of the units of language organization is relevant across various domains pertaining to language in adults (see recent discussion in Caudrelier, Schwartz, Perrier, Gerber, & Rochet-Capellan, 2018) and its development in children, for instance, speech sound/ word processing production. Their maturation occurs during the same developmental window (albeit at different paces) and interacts over time in a nonlinear fashion (e.g., recognition stimulating production and vice versa between 10 and 12 months: DePaolis, Vihman, & Nakai, 2013).…”

Section: The Question Of Units Of Coarticulatory Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Back From the Future: Nonlinear Anticipation in Adults' and Children's Speech

Noiray

Wieling

Abakarova

et al. 2019

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose: This study examines the temporal organization of vocalic anticipation in German children from 3 to 7 years of age and adults. The main objective was to test for nonlinear processes in vocalic anticipation, which may result from the interaction between lingual gestural goals for individual vowels and those for their neighbors over time.Method: The technique of ultrasound imaging was employed to record tongue movement at 5 time points throughout short utterances of the form V1#CV2. Vocalic anticipation was examined with generalized additive modeling, an analytical approach allowing for the estimation of both linear and nonlinear influences on anticipatory processes. Results: Both adults and children exhibit nonlinear patterns of vocalic anticipation over time with the degree and extent of vocalic anticipation varying as a function of the individual consonants and vowels assembled. However, noticeable developmental discrepancies were found with vocalic anticipation being present earlier in children's utterances at 3-5 years of age in comparison to adults and, to some extent, 7-year-old children.Conclusions: A developmental transition towards more segmentally-specified coarticulatory organizations seems to occur from kindergarten to primary school to adulthood. In adults, nonlinear anticipatory patterns over time suggest a strong differentiation between the gestural goals for consecutive segments. In children, this differentiation is not yet mature: Vowels show greater prominence over time and seem activated more in phase with those of previous segments relative to adults.

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Section: The Question Of Units Of Coarticulatory Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Back From the Future: Nonlinear Anticipation in Adults' and Children's Speech

Noiray

Wieling

Abakarova

et al. 2019

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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“…More specifically, we introduced the change in modality between adaptation and its transfer and after-effect, as a way to question the role of "surface effects" [6] in auditory-motor adaptation. As in our previous work [15], we argued that the study of transfer might highlight the nature of the link between phonological content and sensory-motor representations in speech production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…As a result of the auditory feedback perturbation, 11 subjects out of 13 significantly adapted to the perturbation in each group by increasing the difference between their first two formants (F2-F1) at the end of the first training phase in comparison with the baseline. Non-adapted speakers were included in the analysis of adaptation in Section 3.1 (as in previous work on adaptation [18]) but then excluded from the analyses of transfer and after-effect in Sections 3.2 & 3.3, since these phenomena are by construction based on adaptation [15]. In addition, two subjects (one per group) were excluded from all results because they did not follow the instructions properly (one produced the wrong word in the baseline, and the other missed most trials because he was falling asleep).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pronunciation change persists at least transiently when the perturbation is removed either for the pronunciation of the training material (after-effect) or for the pronunciation of other speech material (transfer effect). The study of transfer profiles was introduced as a way to question the nature of speech production representations [4], [11]- [15]. More specifically, contrasting transfer at the level of different linguistic units (utterances, syllables, and phonemes) was used to reveal speech representations interfacing with speech articulation [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Picture Naming or Word Reading: Does the Modality Affect Speech Motor Adaptation and Its Transfer?

Caudrelier¹,

Perrier²,

Schwartz³

et al. 2018

Interspeech 2018

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Auditory-motor adaptation and transfer paradigms are increasingly used to explore speech motor control as well as phonological representations underlying speech production. Auditory-motor adaptation is generally assumed to occur at the sensory-motor level. However, few studies suggested that linguistic or contextual factors such as the modality of presentation of stimuli influences adaptation. The present study investigates the influence of the modality of stimuli presentation (written word vs. a picture representing the same word) on auditory-motor adaptation and transfer. In this speech production experiment, speakers' auditory feedback was altered online, inducing adaptation. We contrasted the magnitude of adaptation in these two different modalities and we assessed transfer from /pe/ to the French word /epe/ in the same vs. different modality of presentation, using a mixed 2*2 subject design. The magnitude of adaptation was not different between modalities. This observation contrasts with recent findings showing an effect of the modality (a written word vs. a go signal) on adaptation. Moreover, transfer did occur from one modality to the other, and transfer pattern depended on the modality of transfer stimuli. Overall, the results suggest that picture naming and word reading rely on sensory-motor representations that may be linked to contextual (or surface) characteristics.

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“…Consistent with the emergence of phonemic representations at this age, we assume that 4-year-old children have moved, or are in the process of moving, from a relatively simple holistic representation of words [60], suitable for the storage of small lexicons in early development, to a more complex representation in which individual phonemes also play an important role, in later phonological development [61]. Thus, it seems reasonable to assume that, as in adults, speech production in 4-year-old (French-speaking) children is a serial-order motor task composed of a sequence of goals in which phonemes are represented, possibly with other larger units such as syllables (see [62], for an experimental support for this co-existence), and significantly influence the temporal articulatory coordination of the sequence.…”

Section: Theoretical Background and Working Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What anticipatory coarticulation in children tells us about speech motor control maturity

Barbier¹,

Perrier²,

Tiede³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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This study aimed to evaluate the role of motor control immaturity in the speech production characteristics of 4-year-old children, compared to adults. Specifically, two indices were examined: trial-to-trial variability, which is assumed to be linked to motor control accuracy, and anticipatory extra-syllabic vowel-to-vowel coarticulation, which is assumed to be linked to the comprehensiveness, maturity and efficiency of sensorimotor representations in the central nervous system. Method Acoustic and articulatory (ultrasound) data were recorded for 20 children and 10 adults, all native speakers of Canadian French, during the production of isolated vowels and vowelconsonant-vowel (V 1-C-V 2) sequences. Trial-to-trial variability was measured in isolated vowels. Extra-syllabic anticipatory coarticulation was assessed in V 1-C-V 2 sequences by measuring the patterns of variability of V 1 associated with variations in V 2. Acoustic data were reported for all subjects and articulatory data, for a subset of 6 children and 2 adults. Results Trial-to-trial variability was significantly larger in children. Systematic and significant anticipation of V 2 in V 1 was always found in adults, but was rare in children. Significant anticipation was observed in children only when V 1 was /a/, and only along the antero-posterior dimension, with a much smaller magnitude than in adults. A closer analysis of individual speakers revealed that some children showed adult-like anticipation along this dimension, whereas the majority did not. Conclusion The larger trial-to-trial variability and the lack of anticipatory behavior in most children-two phenomena that have been observed in several non-speech motor tasks-support the

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Transfer of Learning: What Does It Tell Us About Speech Production Units?

Abstract: Our study suggests that words, syllables, and phonemes may all contribute to the definition of speech motor commands. In addition, the observation of a serial order effect raises new questions related to the connection between psycholinguistic models and speech motor control approaches.

Cited by 17 publications

References 50 publications

Back From the Future: Nonlinear Anticipation in Adults' and Children's Speech

Back From the Future: Nonlinear Anticipation in Adults' and Children's Speech

Picture Naming or Word Reading: Does the Modality Affect Speech Motor Adaptation and Its Transfer?

What anticipatory coarticulation in children tells us about speech motor control maturity

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