Transfer of Gas by Diffusion and Chemical Reaction in Pulmonary Capillaries

ForsterII, Robert E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7520-0_2

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Fur Physiologie in 1910 (Krogh, 1910 a – e ; Krogh & Krogh, 1910 a,b ). As recounted by Forster (1996), those ‘little devils’ used Krogh's improved aerotonometer/microtonometer to demonstrate that arterial

P_{{normalO}_{2}}

was less than alveolar

P_{{normalO}_{2}}

, negating the necessity for active transport or secretion of O 2 in the lung. This opposed Krogh's mentor, Christian Bohr, and the renowned British respiratory physiologist, John Scott Haldane who still believed in active pulmonary O 2 secretion as late as 1936 (Haldane, 1936).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

August Krogh's theory of muscle microvascular control and oxygen delivery: a paradigm shift based on new data

Poole

Pittman

Musch

et al. 2020

The Journal of Physiology

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P_{{normalO}_{2}}

was less than alveolar

P_{{normalO}_{2}}

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

August Krogh's theory of muscle microvascular control and oxygen delivery: a paradigm shift based on new data

Poole

Pittman

Musch

et al. 2020

The Journal of Physiology

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“…67 for review and analysis of the historic debate). It is now certain that in all the evolved gas exchangers, be they water, air, or bimodal breathers, the flux of respiratory gases across the tissue barriers occurs entirely by passive diffusion along established partial pressure differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin and Strong! The Bioengineering Dilemma in the Structural and Functional Design of the Blood-Gas Barrier

Maina¹,

West²

2005

Physiological Reviews

177

159

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In gas exchangers, the tissue barrier, the partition that separates the respiratory media (water/air and hemolymph/blood), is exceptional for its remarkable thinness, striking strength, and vast surface area. These properties formed to meet conflicting roles: thinness was essential for efficient flux of oxygen by passive diffusion, and strength was crucial for maintaining structural integrity. What we have designated as "three-ply" or "laminated tripartite" architecture of the barrier appeared very early in the evolution of the vertebrate gas exchanger. The design is conspicuous in the water-blood barrier of the fish gills through the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates, where the plan first appeared in lungfishes (Dipnoi) some 400 million years ago. The similarity of the structural design of the barrier in respiratory organs of animals that remarkably differ phylogenetically, behaviorally, and ecologically shows that the construction has been highly conserved both vertically and horizontally, i.e., along and across the evolutionary continuum. It is conceivable that the blueprint may have been the only practical construction that could simultaneously grant satisfactory strength and promote gas exchange. In view of the very narrow allometric range of the thickness of the blood-gas barrier in the lungs of different-sized vertebrate groups, the measurement has seemingly been optimized. There is convincing, though indirect, evidence that the extracellular matrix and particularly the type IV collagen in the lamina densa of the basement membrane is the main stress-bearing component of the blood-gas barrier. Under extreme conditions of operation and in some disease states, the barrier fails with serious consequences. The lamina densa which in many parts of the blood-gas barrier is <50 nm thin is a lifeline in the true sense of the word.

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“…Christian Bohr, in turn studied in Leipzig with Carl Ludwig (1816 -1895), who was one of the premier physiologists of the 19th century and who may have originated the lung oxygen secretion idea (15). Ludwig made outstanding contributions as an experimentalist, as an inventor of instruments, as a teacher, and as a proponent of physicochemical explanations for living phenomena.…”

Section: Genealogy Stemming From My Postdoctoral Mentormentioning

confidence: 99%

Academic genealogy and direct calorimetry: a personal account

Jackson

2011

Advances in Physiology Education

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Each of us as a scientist has an academic legacy that consists of our mentors and their mentors continuing back for many generations. Here, I describe two genealogies of my own: one through my PhD advisor, H. T. (Ted) Hammel, and the other through my postdoctoral mentor, Knut Schmidt-Nielsen. Each of these pathways includes distingished scientists who were all major figures in their day. The striking aspect, however, is that of the 14 individuals discussed, including myself, 10 individuals used the technique of direct calorimetry to study metabolic heat production in humans or other animals. Indeed, the patriarchs of my PhD genealogy, Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre Simon Laplace, were the inventors of this technique and the first to use it in animal studies. Brief summaries of the major accomplishments of each my scientific ancestors are given followed by a discussion of the variety of calorimeters and the scientific studies in which they were used. Finally, readers are encouraged to explore their own academic legacies as a way of honoring those who prepared the way for us.

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Transfer of Gas by Diffusion and Chemical Reaction in Pulmonary Capillaries

Cited by 4 publications

References 61 publications

August Krogh's theory of muscle microvascular control and oxygen delivery: a paradigm shift based on new data

August Krogh's theory of muscle microvascular control and oxygen delivery: a paradigm shift based on new data

Thin and Strong! The Bioengineering Dilemma in the Structural and Functional Design of the Blood-Gas Barrier

Academic genealogy and direct calorimetry: a personal account

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