Transfer factor in rat coccidiosis

Liburd, E.M.; Pabst, Henry F.; Armstrong, W. D.

doi:10.1016/0008-8749(72)90075-5

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Liburg et al [74] have shown that treatment with specific DLE from rats, which have been experimentally infected with Eimeria nieschulzi, causes a reduction in the number of oocysts in their feces. Similar results were received for other types of coccidia in domestic animals by Klesius and Kristensen [75] and Klesius and Giamborne [76]-the oocysts in the feces were reduced.…”

Section: Animal Infectious and Parasitic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy with Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Containing Transfer Factor

Arnaudov¹

2017

Immunotherapy - Myths, Reality, Ideas, Future

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Dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE) are complexes consisting of a large number of low molecular weight substances. These extracts possess immunomodulatory properties, which are mainly attributed to small peptides with molecular weight of 3.5-6.0 kDa called "transfer factor." This chapter reviews the nature and immunological characteristics of DLE containing transfer factor (TF), their mechanism of action and the possible uses as immunomodulators in human and veterinary medicine. A main advantage of TF-preparations as immunotherapeutic agents is that they induce a rapid immune response against the pathogen (within 24 h) and thereby reduce the time for the patient immune response by 9-13 days. The low level of difficulty of the process of obtaining protocols determines their relatively low cost and the possibility to combine them with other therapeutic agents during treatment makes them subject to medical applications in the future, including against some new diseases.

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Section: Animal Infectious and Parasitic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy with Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Containing Transfer Factor

Arnaudov¹

2017

Immunotherapy - Myths, Reality, Ideas, Future

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“…Liburd et al [70] showed that, in rats experimentally infected with Eimeria nieschulzi, treatment with specific DLE causes a reduction in the number of oocysts in the faeces. Later, Klesius and Kristensen [71] and Klesius and Giamborne [72] reported similar results obtained for other types of coccidia in domestic animals (a reduction of oocysts in the faeces), using specific TF-preparations for the treatment of E. bovis in calves and E. tenella in chickens, respectively.…”

Section: Using Dle Preparations In Veterinary Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Dialysable leukocyte extracts in immunotherapy

Arnaudov

Kostova

2015

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Dialysable leukocyte extracts (DLE) are complexes consisting of a large number of low-molecular-weight substances. These extracts have immunomodulatory properties, which are mainly attributed to small peptides commonly referred to as 'transfer factor'. This review focuses on the characteristics of DLE with transfer factor activity, together with the methods for their preparation and purification. The opportunities for applying the extracts for immunotherapy purposes against various diseases in humans and domestic animals are also discussed. Their ease of preparation and relatively low cost combined with the rapid positive effect they produce will make DLE subject to application in medicine in the future, including their use against new nosological entities.

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“…Although several workers have reported successful transfers, neither the phenomenon nor the molecule are understood (1). A major problem has been the lack of easily reproduced transfers of cellular immunity by immune cell extracts in animal systems (2)(3)(4)(5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Guinea pig transfer factor-like activity detected in vitro.

Dunnick¹,

Bach²

1975

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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"Transfer factor" was prepared by Sephadex G-25 chromatography of lymph node cell lysates from guinea pigs immunized with ovalbumin or bovine gamma globulin. Treatment of nonimmune peritoneal exudate cells with the transfer factor and specific antigen leads to inhibition of miration of the cells, whereas cells treated with the transfer factor alone or specific antigen alone are not inhibited from migrating. An average of 24-28% inhibition is observed in the presence of transfer factor and specific antigen, but only 5-15% inhibition in the presence of transfer factor and nonspecific antigen. The guinea pig transfer factor we have tested in vitro has some physical characteristics in common with human transfer factor.Transfer factor is defined as the dialyzable portion of human leukocyte extracts that transfers cellular immunity from immune to nonimmune individuals. This material is prepared from white blood cells of donors with positive skin tests and tested by injection into recipients with negative skin tests. At some later time, the recipients are skin tested; a successful transfer is indicated by erythema and induration 24 hr later at the site of antigen injection. Although several workers have reported successful transfers, neither the phenomenon nor the molecule are understood (1). A major problem has been the lack of easily reproduced transfers of cellular immunity by immune cell extracts in animal systems (2-5).We have studied a dialyzable activity of guinea pig immune cell lysates by an in vitro correlate of cellular immunity, the macrophage migration inhibition test. In this test, immune peritoneal exudate cells incubated with specific antigen are inhibited from migrating when compared to immune cells incubated with no antigen or a nonspecific antigen. Nonimmune peritoneal exudate cells migrate the same distance in the presence and absence of antigen. Thus, one might test the ability of transfer factor to convert nonimmune cells to the immune state by monitoring the migration inhibition "responses" to antigen of nonimmune cells treated with transfer factor. Since we test the "transfer factor" exclusively in vitro, the molecule or molecules we study may not be the same as those defined as transfer factor in human systems.Fireman et al. (6) and Asher et al. (7) have tested human transfer factor by the blastogenesis test, an in vitro correlate of cellular immunity. Their results indicate that preparations of human transfer factor, active in vivo, may also be active in vitro.MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of Transfer Factor. Fourteen days after footpad injection of ovalbumin (OA) or bovine gamma globulin (BGG) in complete Freund's adjuvant (8), a cell suspension in 4.0 ml of Hanks' balanced salt solution (Gibco) was prepared from the draining lymph nodes of a Hartley guinea pig. The cells were lysed by 10 freeze-thaw cycles, and centrifuged at 700 X g for 20 min at 220. The resulting supernatant was centrifuged at 20,000 X g for 40 min at 40, and the final supernatant was lyophilized, redissolved...

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Transfer factor in rat coccidiosis

Cited by 57 publications

References 3 publications

Immunotherapy with Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Containing Transfer Factor

Immunotherapy with Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Containing Transfer Factor

Dialysable leukocyte extracts in immunotherapy

Guinea pig transfer factor-like activity detected in vitro.

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