Transethosomes and Nanoethosomes: Recent Approach on Transdermal Drug Delivery System

Mishra, Koushlesh; Kaur, Chanchal Deep; Verma, Shekhar; Sahu, AnilKumar; Dash, Deepak Kumar; Kashyap, Pankaj Kumar; Mishra, SaraswatiPrasad

doi:10.5772/intechopen.81152

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Despite the ethosomes’ transdermal potential, the authors described the need to combine their topical application to iontophoresis to achieve a transdermal delivery [ 18 ]. To further increase ethosomes’ transdermal effects, avoiding the use of physical methods such as iontophoresis, transethosomes (TETs) have been developed [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In TETs, the composition of ethosomes is implemented by the presence of edge activators, such as surfactants, allowing improvement in both drug encapsulation efficiency and vesicles’ penetration potential [ 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimethyl Fumarate-Loaded Transethosomes: A Formulative Study and Preliminary Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation

Ferrara

Benedusi

Cervellati

et al. 2022

IJMS

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In this study, transethosomes were investigated as potential delivery systems for dimethyl fumarate. A formulative study was performed investigating the effect of the composition of transethosomes on the morphology and size of vesicles, as well as drug entrapment capacity, using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy, and HPLC. The stability of vesicles was evaluated, both for size increase and capability to control the drug degradation. Drug release kinetics and permeability profiles were evaluated in vitro using Franz cells, associated with different synthetic membranes. The in vitro viability, as well as the capacity to improve wound healing, were evaluated in human keratinocytes. Transmission electron microscopy enabled the evaluation of transethosome uptake and intracellular fate. Based on the obtained results, a transethosome gel was further formulated for the cutaneous application of dimethyl fumarate, the safety of which was evaluated in vivo with a patch test. It was found that the phosphatidylcholine concentration affected vesicle size and lamellarity, influencing the capacity to control dimethyl fumarate’s chemical stability and release kinetics. Indeed, phosphatidylcholine 2.7% w/w led to multivesicular vesicles with 344 nm mean size, controlling the drug’s chemical stability for at least 90 days. Conversely, phosphatidylcholine 0.9% w/w resulted in 130 nm sized unilamellar vesicles, which maintained 55% of the drug over 3 months. These latest kinds of transethosomes were able to improve wound healing in vitro and were easily internalised by keratinocytes. The selected transethosome gel, loading 25 mg/mL dimethyl fumarate, was not irritant after cutaneous application under occlusion, suggesting its possible suitability in the treatment of wounds caused by diabetes mellitus or peripheral vascular diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimethyl Fumarate-Loaded Transethosomes: A Formulative Study and Preliminary Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation

Ferrara

Benedusi

Cervellati

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Selecting high‐quality phospholipids, edge activators, and ethanol is crucial to ensure the efficacy, stability, and reproducibility of the product. To conquer this challenge, quality control measures that can ensure the consistent availability and quality of raw materials can be implemented 109 . In addition to that, the large‐scale production of TEs can be complex and costly, making it difficult to translate laboratory‐scale formulations to commercial manufacturing.…”

Section: Challenges and Strategies To Overcomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To conquer this challenge, quality control measures that can ensure the consistent availability and quality of raw materials can be implemented. 109 In addition to that, the large-scale production of TEs can be complex and costly, making it difficult to translate laboratory-scale formulations to commercial manufacturing. Ensuring reproducibility and cost-effectiveness is crucial to facilitate their widespread use in pharmaceutical applications.…”

Section: Challenges and Strategies To Overcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the potential of transethosomes in therapeutic delivery: A comprehensive review

Chowdary,

Padmakumar,

Rengan

2023

MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications

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The growing need for innovative drug delivery systems has led to extensive research to address the limitations associated with conventional dosage forms. Lipid nanoparticles have become prominent as frontline nanocarriers for the delivery of drugs and vaccine formulations. However, the pursuit of new materials and modifications to improve lipid nanocarrier properties remains ongoing. In this context, transethosomes have gained attention as a promising solution, offering distinct advantages over traditional formulations. Transethosomes minimize plasma fluctuations, first‐pass metabolism, organ toxicity, and poor bioavailability. This comprehensive review provides an in‐depth exploration of transethosomes, starting with an overview of the impact of formulation components on their properties and effective targeting. This article delves into the production techniques and evaluation properties employed to ensure efficient drug delivery. A significant contribution of this review lies in the analysis of various routes of administration for transethosomes, including transdermal, transvaginal, pulmonary, and ocular delivery, showcasing the versatility of transethosome‐loaded with drugs and their potential to target specific tissues to achieve controlled release. Furthermore, the potential of functionalization and photodynamic therapy approaches to enhance drug delivery efficacy are explored. Overall, this review emphasizes the significant potentiality of transethosomes as a promising drug delivery system addressing the challenges associated with conventional drug delivery approaches.

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“…The fundamental objective of biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics (Mishra et al, 2019) is for the establishment and research of innovative drug delivery, which is widely acknowledged by researchers because of its economic and therapeutic value to healthcare goods. Due to advancements in drug delivery, older drugs cannot compete in the expanding pharmaceutical market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transethosomes: Cutting edge approach for drug permeation enhancement in transdermal drug delivery system

Nayak¹,

Mohanty²,

Mishra³

et al. 2023

Chem Biol Drug Des

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The skin is a major route of drug administration. Despite the high surface area of the skin, drug delivery via the skin route is problematic due to its physiological obstacles. The formulation scientist has developed a vesicular system to enhance the skin's absorption of bioactive substances. Among numerous vesicular systems, concept of transethosomes (TEs) introduced in 2012 are being tested for drug delivery to the dermis. When transferosomes and ethosomes interact, TEs are produced. It consists of water, ethanol, phospholipids, and an edge activator. Ethanol and the edge activator increase the absorption of medication through the skin. In the presence of ethanol and an edge activator, skin permeability can increase. The advantages of TEs include increased patient compliance, bypassing first‐pass metabolism, including non‐toxic raw components, being a noninvasive method of drug delivery, being more stable, biocompatible, biodegradable, and administered in semisolid form. TEs can be produced through the use of hot, cold, mechanical dispersion, and conventional techniques. The morphology, shape, size, zeta potential, drug loading efficiency, vesicle yield, biophysical interactions, and stability of TEs define them. Recent studies reported successful transdermal distribution of antifungal, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, and cardiovascular bioactive while using ethosomes with significant deeper penetration in skin. The review extensively discussed various claims on TEs developed by researchers, patents, and marketed ethosomes. However, till today no patens being granted on TEs. There are still lingering difficulties related to ethanol‐based TEs that require substantial research to fix.

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Transethosomes and Nanoethosomes: Recent Approach on Transdermal Drug Delivery System

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Dimethyl Fumarate-Loaded Transethosomes: A Formulative Study and Preliminary Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation

Dimethyl Fumarate-Loaded Transethosomes: A Formulative Study and Preliminary Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation

Exploring the potential of transethosomes in therapeutic delivery: A comprehensive review

Transethosomes: Cutting edge approach for drug permeation enhancement in transdermal drug delivery system

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