Transesterification of used cooking oil over alkali metal (Li, Na, K) supported rice husk silica as potential solid base catalyst

Hindryawati, Noor; Maniam, Gaanty Pragas; Karim, Md. Rezaul; Chong, Kwok Feng

doi:10.1016/j.jestch.2014.04.002

Cited by 81 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…% KOH/AC for WFO, 9:1, 120 minutes and 600 rpm, respectively. As shown in Figure 3(c), the lower temperatures (30-50 C) were accompanied by lower conversion, which could be ascribed to the higher viscosity of the oil at lower temperatures, causing lower mass transfer resistance among oil-methanol-catalyst phases Fadhil et al, 2016b;Hindryawati et al, 2014;Takase et al, 2014;Zabeti et al, 2009). The conversion yield increased with increasing the reaction temperature and reached the maximum value at 65 C. On the other hand, the reaction temperatures higher than 65 C reduced the methyl ester yield due the evaporation and forming bubbles of methanol, which might inhibit the interface interaction (Al-Jammal, Al-Hamamre, & Alnaief, 2016;Encinar et al, 2010;Takase et al, 2014).…”

Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Parametersmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Furthermore, WFO is a virgin oil and was not subjected to any thermal treatment in opposition to WCO which was subjected to the frying process at a higher temperature leading to significant changes in the chemical composition. It was observed that conduction of the reaction at durations longer than the optimum period reduced the methyl ester which may be due to the hydrolysis of some of the esters to their corresponding free fatty acids (Fadhil et al, 2016a(Fadhil et al, , 2016bHindryawati et al, 2014).…”

Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activated carbon has higher micro-porous surface and larger active sites than the other adsorbents making it a suitable catalyst support for the impregnation of base catalysts. Different catalysts, such as potassium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, and potassium fluoride were easily dispersed on the support surface to enhance the transesterification reaction (Baroutian, Aroua, Abdul Raman, & Sulaiman, 2010;Hindryawati, Maniam, Md, & Chong, 2014;Li et al, 2013;Noiroj et al, 2009;Wan & Hameed, 2010). The use of industrial wastes for activated carbon synthesis reduces the cost of the catalyst support, which in turns reduces the production cost of BD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Fadhil

Aziz

Altamer

2018

Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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The present investigation reports transesterification of non-edible oils, waste cooking oil (WCO) and waste fish oil (WFO) with methanol using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a solid base catalyst. Activated carbon was prepared from polyethylene terephthalate waste and loaded with KOH by wet impregnation method to prepare KOH/AC solid base catalyst. X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were utilized to characterize the resulting solid base catalyst. Retention method was utilized to measure the specific surface area of the activated carbon and its derived solid base catalyst, while Hammett indicator method was followed to determine the basic strength of the prepared solid base catalyst. The prepared catalyst has granular and porous structures with a high basicity and a superior catalytic performance for the transesterification reaction. Transesterification reaction variables were arranged to obtain the best biodiesel yield. The highest methyl ester yield from WCO (88.12% w/w with an ester content of 96.68% w/w) was obtained by employing 3.5 wt.% KOH/AC catalyst, 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 65 C reaction temperature, the reaction time of 180 min and the stirring rate of 600 rpm, while maximum methyl ester yield from WFO (92.66% w/w with 96.98% w/w ester content) was produced with 3.0 wt.% KOH/AC catalyst, 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio at 65 C for 150 minutes of the reaction and 600 rpm. The prepared solid base catalyst was recoverable and thermally stable giving a yield of 70 wt.% after the 5th cycle. The fuel properties of the raw oils were significantly enhanced after transesterification with methanol in the presence of KOH/AC, and were in conformity with the ASTM D 6751 limits as well. Therefore, the prepared KOH/AC composite may be considered as a promising solid base catalyst for transesterification of non-edible oils with methanol. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Parametersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Fadhil

Aziz

Altamer

2018

Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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“…The use of non-edible oils from seeds of rubber, jatropha, castor, linseed, moringa oleifera, cotton, karanja, neem and tobacco plants are being proposed to avert any impending fuel-food crisis [1,2,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Raw material accounts for about 60-90% of the production cost of biodiesel and producing biodiesel from these feedstock will ultimately reduce its consumer's price [1,14,[20][21][22]. In consideration of nature of all these plants, rubber tree had less investigation on its potentials and in many sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, it stands to be only a source of latex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber seed oil: A potential renewable source of biodiesel for sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa

Onoji

Iyuke

Igbafe

et al. 2016

Energy Conversion and Management

111

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“…Salah satu sumber energi yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif adalah biodiesel (Hindryawati et al, 2014). Biodiesel merupakan mono-alkil ester yang berasal dari asam lemak yang terbuat dari minyak tumbuh-tumbuhan atau lemak hewan sehingga ramah lingkungan.…”

Section: Latar Belakangunclassified

Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil through Base Transesterification

Haryanto

Yozana

Triyono

2017

JTEP

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Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian (JTEP) terakreditasi berdasarkan SK Dirjen Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan Kementerian Ristek Dikti Nomor I/E/KPT/2015 tanggal 21 September 2015. Selain itu, JTEP juga telah terdaftar pada Crossref dan telah memiliki Digital Object Identifier (DOI) dan telah terindeks pada ISJD, IPI, Google Scholar dan DOAJ. Mulai edisi ini redaksi memandang perlu untuk meningkatkan nomor penerbitan dari dua menjadi tiga kali setahun yaitu bulan April, Agustus dan Desember berisi 12 naskah untuk setiap nomornya. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk mengurangi masa tunggu dengan tidak menurunkan kualitas naskah yang dipublikasikan. Jurnal berkala ilmiah ini berkiprah dalam pengembangan ilmu keteknikan untuk pertanian tropika dan lingkungan hayati. Jurnal ini diterbitkan dua kali setahun baik dalam edisi cetak maupun edisi online. Penulis makalah tidak dibatasi pada anggota PERTETA tetapi terbuka bagi masyarakat umum. Lingkup makalah, antara lain: teknik sumberdaya lahan dan air, alat dan mesin budidaya pertanian, lingkungan dan bangunan pertanian, energi alternatif dan elektrifikasi, ergonomika dan elektronika pertanian, teknik pengolahan pangan dan hasil pertanian, manajemen dan sistem informasi pertanian. Makalah dikelompokkan dalam invited paper yang menyajikan isu aktual nasional dan internasional, review perkembangan penelitian, atau penerapan ilmu dan teknologi, technical paper hasil penelitian, penerapan, atau diseminasi, serta research methodology berkaitan pengembangan modul, metode, prosedur, program aplikasi, dan lain sebagainya. Penulisan naskah harus mengikuti panduan penulisan seperti tercantum pada website dan naskah dikirim secara elektronik (online submission) melalui

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Transesterification of used cooking oil over alkali metal (Li, Na, K) supported rice husk silica as potential solid base catalyst

Cited by 81 publications

References 21 publications

Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Rubber seed oil: A potential renewable source of biodiesel for sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa

Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil through Base Transesterification

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