Transepidermal water loss in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis update

Akdeniz, Merve; Gabriel, Sabrina; Lichterfeld-Kottner, Andrea; Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike; Kottner, Jan

doi:10.1111/bjd.17025

Cited by 133 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, different body sites were used, however, compared to the corresponding skin site of every individual. This measurement approach was supported in a recent systematic review and meta‐analysis, which found a symmetrical pattern of TEWL values on the right and left sides of the body of each individual …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Though TEWL is insufficient to quantify the intrinsic skin barrier function alone, it is a standardized and recognized direct, noninvasive overall measurement in the evaluation of the skin barrier function . The validity of TEWL measurements is highly dependent on standardized conditions, including room temperature, relative humidity, and particularly the anatomical site being measured . In the present study, different body sites were used, however, compared to the corresponding skin site of every individual.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7,27 The validity of TEWL measurements is highly dependent on standardized conditions, including room temperature, relative humidity, and particularly the anatomical site being measured. 6,[29][30][31] In the present study, different body sites were used, however, compared to the corresponding skin site of every individual. This measurement approach was supported in a recent systematic review and meta-analysis, which found a symmetrical pattern of TEWL values on the right and left sides of the body of each individual.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This measurement approach was supported in a recent systematic review and meta-analysis, which found a symmetrical pattern of TEWL values on the right and left sides of the body of each individual. 29 Skin conductance and skin capacitance reflect hydration of the stratum corneum in different depths and are frequently correlated inversely to TEWL. 10 The methods of measuring the conductance and the capacitance of the skin are complementary, and their combined use is recommended.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tattoos and skin barrier function: Measurements of TEWL, stratum corneum conductance and capacitance, pH, and filaggrin

Nørreslet

Serup

Kežić

et al. 2019

Skin Research and Technology

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Background Initially after tattooing, the skin barrier function is broken. However, the long‐term impact of clinically healed tattoos on this has never been studied. The aim was to investigate the long‐term effect on the skin barrier function in normal tattoos and examples of tattoos with chronic inflammatory complication. Methods Participants were recruited from the “Tattoo clinic” of the Dermatological Department on Bispebjerg Hospital in Denmark, where patients with complicated tattoo reactions are treated. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), conductance, capacitance, and pH were measured in tattooed skin with regional control measurements in normal non‐tattooed skin. Natural moisturizing factor (NMF) was measured in collected tape strips. Results Twenty six individuals with 28 tattoos were included, that is, 23 normal tattoos without any pathologic reaction and 5 tattoos with chronic inflammatory complications. No significant differences were found in tattooed versus non‐tattooed skin with respect to TEWL (median values 6.6 vs 7.2 g/m2/h), conductance (76 vs 78 a.u.), pH (5.94 vs 5.79), and NMF (0.58 vs 0.59 mmol/g protein). Capacitance (64 vs 57 a.u.) was higher in tattooed skin compared to non‐tattooed skin (P = 0.006). Similar results were found in tattoos with inflammatory reactions. Conclusion Overall, skin tattoos do not affect the long‐term skin barrier function markedly. The skin capacitance was, however, affected in tattooed skin areas compared to non‐tattooed skin areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tattoos and skin barrier function: Measurements of TEWL, stratum corneum conductance and capacitance, pH, and filaggrin

Nørreslet

Serup

Kežić

et al. 2019

Skin Research and Technology

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“…Biophysical parameters are strongly influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors like age, sex, race, circadian rhythm, season, exercise and acclimatization period; 22,95,99,100,[124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131] therefore data collection is inherently difficult to standardize.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive objective skin measurement methods for rosacea assessment: a systematic review

et al. 2019

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Summary Background Rosacea assessment and therapy monitoring can be challenging to standardize, as most clinical evaluation systems are prone to interobserver variability and not always validated. Therefore, objective, reliable and preferably noninvasive measurement tools are needed. Objectives To give insight into available noninvasive imaging techniques and biophysical methods in rosacea by performing a systematic review. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases were searched until 1 September 2018 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, to identify studies providing original data about objective noninvasive imaging and/or biophysical skin measurement techniques for diagnosis, assessing severity or therapy monitoring of adult patients with cutaneous facial rosacea. Risk of bias of included articles was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, Quality in Prognosis Studies tool, and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results A total of 78 studies were included, describing 14 imaging and biophysical methods. Widespread information about (sub)surface cutaneous morphology and functionality was obtained. Methodological study quality was relatively low and interstudy outcome variability was large. Several tools show promising value in research settings: for treatment follow‐up Demodex mites are countable with reflectance confocal microscopy, spectrometry can quantify erythema, and rosacea severity could be objectified with skin hydration‐ and transepidermal water loss measurements. Conclusions This systematic review describes the spectrum of noninvasive imaging and biophysical methods in rosacea assessment, giving multifaceted information about structure and properties of rosacea skin, especially useful for research purposes. Larger studies with good methodological quality are needed to create validated protocols for further implementation into research. What's already known about this topic? Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a variety of clinical manifestations. Most clinical evaluation systems are subjective, not always validated, and subsurface skin processes remain unnoticed. Currently, different types of noninvasive measurement tools are available for rosacea assessment and therapy monitoring, but a comprehensive overview is lacking. What does this study add? Seventy‐eight publications were included, describing 14 imaging and biophysical tools, providing a wide range of information about rosacea skin morphology and functionality. Reflectance confocal microscopy and spectrometry are especially promising in therapy monitoring and skin barrier measurements for rosacea severity assessment. Larger studies with better methodological quality are needed to create validated protocols for implementation into research.

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Ultrathin Hydrogel Films toward Breathable Skin‐Integrated Electronics

et al. 2022

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It is known that the stark disparities between soft tissues and rigid electronics generally introduce difficulties toward seamless interfaces between the two realms. [4] Ultraflexible (opto)electronics and sensors, defined with a thickness down to 10 µm or below, have arisen as an important device configuration that presents extreme mechanical compliance and foresees remarkable application potentials toward imperceptible and wearable system. [5][6][7][8] Particularly for health monitoring applications, intimate contact between sensing components and the human skin would effectively reduce skin-contact impedance, minimize motion artifact, enhance measurement accuracy, and simplify subsequent data possessing algorithm. Despite the significant progress in reducing the device thickness and maintaining high electrical performance, documented thin-film devices have certain limitations: lack of sufficient gas permeability and relatively high Young's modulus compared to that of human tissue. Besides, commonly used flexible substrates for electronics, e.g., parylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide, On-skin electronics that offer revolutionary capabilities in personalized diagnosis, therapeutics, and human-machine interfaces require seamless integration between the skin and electronics. A common question remains whether an ideal interface can be introduced to directly bridge thin-film electronics with the soft skin, allowing the skin to breathe freely and the skin-integrated electronics to function stably. Here, an ever-thinnest hydrogel is reported that is compliant to the glyphic lines and subtle minutiae on the skin without forming air gaps, produced by a facile cold-lamination method. The hydrogels exhibit high water-vapor permeability, allowing nearly unimpeded transepidermal water loss and free breathing of the skin underneath. Hydrogel-interfaced flexible (opto)electronics without causing skin irritation or accelerated device performance deterioration are demonstrated. The long-term applicability is recorded for over one week. With combined features of extreme mechanical compliance, high permeability, and biocompatibility, the ultrathin hydrogel interface promotes the general applicability of skin-integrated electronics.

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Transepidermal water loss in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis update

Cited by 133 publications

References 50 publications

Tattoos and skin barrier function: Measurements of TEWL, stratum corneum conductance and capacitance, pH, and filaggrin

Tattoos and skin barrier function: Measurements of TEWL, stratum corneum conductance and capacitance, pH, and filaggrin

Noninvasive objective skin measurement methods for rosacea assessment: a systematic review

Ultrathin Hydrogel Films toward Breathable Skin‐Integrated Electronics

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