Transection of the chorda tympani and insertion of ear pins for stereotaxic surgery: Equivalent effects on taste sensitivity

Slotnick, Burton M.; Sheelar, Stacie; Rentmeister-Bryant, Heike

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(91)90571-5

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Percentages of correct responses Ϯ SE as a f unction of stimulus with the normal stimulus array (i.e., the postsurgical test, top panels) and the altered array (lower panels) are shown. Note that the addition of a stimulus that could not be discriminated on the basis of taste (water) did not result in decreased performance to either quinine or KC l. less of quality), f unctions that do not require high resolution between chemical compounds, appear to be subserved by patterns of convergent input from the C T, GSP, and GL, depending on the taste stimulus (Pfaffmann, 1952;Yamamoto and Asai, 1986;Spector et al, 1990bSpector et al, , 1993Spector et al, , 1996bSlotnick et al, 1991;C authon et al, 1994;St. John et al, 1994;St.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Discrimination between Quinine and KCl Is Dependent on Input from the Seventh Cranial Nerve: Implications for the Functional Roles of the Gustatory Nerves in Rats

John

Spector

1998

J. Neurosci.

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The rat glossopharyngeal nerve (GL), which innervates posterior tongue taste buds, contains several physiologically defined taste fiber types; at least one type is primarily responsive to certain alkaloids (such as quinine), and another is primarily responsive to acids and salts. In contrast, the chorda tympani (CT), which innervates anterior tongue taste buds, does not appear to contain fibers that differentially respond to quinine relative to salts and acids. It was therefore predicted that GL transection should disrupt behavioral discriminations between quinine and either acids or salts. Water-restricted rats were trained to press one of two levers if a sampled taste stimulus was quinine (0.1-1.0 mM) and the second lever if the sampled stimulus was KCl (0.1-1.0 M). Sham surgery, GL transection, and sublingual and submaxillary salivary gland extirpation were found to have no effect relative to presurgical performance. Both CT transection and combined GL and CT transection caused a substantial and approximately equal decrement in discrimination performance. Removal of the gustatory branches of the seventh cranial nerve [CT and greater superficial petrosal (GSP)] nearly eliminated the discrimination of the taste stimuli, and combined transection of the CT, GL, and GSP unequivocally reduced performance to chance levels. Although these findings were not presaged by the known electrophysiology, they nonetheless compare favorably with other studies reporting little effect of GL transection on behavioral responses to quinine. These results, in the context of other discrimination studies reported in the literature, suggest that, in rats, the neural coding of taste quality depends primarily on the input of the facial nerve.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Discrimination between Quinine and KCl Is Dependent on Input from the Seventh Cranial Nerve: Implications for the Functional Roles of the Gustatory Nerves in Rats

John

Spector

1998

J. Neurosci.

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“…However, there is one published study in which detection thresholds to sucrose and monosodium glutamate (MSG) were measured in T1R3 KO and WT mice through the use of a shock avoidance procedure. Generally, manipulations of the gustatory system that have major effects on neural responses to taste stimuli are reflected in shifts in sensory thresholds in animal models [e.g.,7, 22, 30, 97, 102, 104, 112], but T1R3 KO mice had normal detection thresholds for both sucrose and MSG compared with WT mice [17]. Considering the evidence in the literature supporting the role of T1R2 and T1R3 in mediating sucrose taste, it would be expected that T1R3 KO mice would at least have elevated, as opposed to normal, sucrose detection thresholds.…”

Section: Taste Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The functional role of the T1R family of receptors in sweet taste and feeding

Treesukosol

Smith

Spector

2011

Physiology & Behavior

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The discovery of the T1R family of Class C G protein-coupled receptors in the peripheral gustatory system a decade ago has been a tremendous advance for taste research, and its conceptual reach has extended to other organ systems. There are three proteins in the family, T1R1, T1R2, and T1R3, encoded by their respective genes, Tas1r1, Tas1r2, and Tas1r3. T1R2 combines with T1R3 to form a heterodimer that binds with sugars and other sweeteners. T1R3 also combines with T1R1 to form a heterodimer that binds with L-amino acids. These proteins are expressed not only in taste bud cells, but one or more of these T1Rs have also been identified in the nasal epithelium, gut, pancreas, liver, kidney, testes and brain in various mammalian species. Here we review current perspectives regarding the functional role of these receptors, concentrating on sweet taste and feeding. We also discuss behavioral findings suggesting that a glucose polymer mixture, Polycose, which rodents avidly prefer, appears to activate a receptor that does not depend on the combined expression of T1R2 and T1R3. In addition, although the T1Rs have been implicated as playing a role in glucose sensing, T1R2 knock-out (KO) and T1R3 KO mice display normal chow and fluid intake as well as normal body weight compared with same-sex littermate wild type (WT) controls. Moreover, regardless of whether they are fasted or not, these KO mice do not differ from their WT counterparts in their Polycose intake across a broad range of concentrations in 30-min intake tests. The functional implications of these results and those in the literature are considered.

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“…Clearly, the recovery of quinine-elicited aversive consummatory responses in GL-transected rats requires regeneration of the nerve, a finding that is consistent with those from CT-transected rats trained and tested on salt discrimination tasks. Specifically, CT transection in rats raises the NaCl detection threshold by one to two orders of magnitude (Spector et al, 1990;Slotnick et al, 1991) and substantially impairs performance on a NaCl versus KCl taste discrimination task (Spector and Grill, 1992). These particular sensory impairments are entirely reversed by regeneration of the CT nerve (St. John et al, 1995;Kopka and Spector, 1999;Kopka et al, 2000).…”

Section: Recovery Of Both Quinine-elicited Gaping and Topographic Patmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glossopharyngeal Nerve Regeneration Is Essential for the Complete Recovery of Quinine-Stimulated Oromotor Rejection Behaviors and Central Patterns of Neuronal Activity in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in the Rat

2000

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The peripheral, central, and behavioral consequences of glossopharyngeal nerve transection (GLX), regeneration, and the prevention of regeneration on the quinine-elicited responses of adult rats were concurrently examined. Oromotor taste reactivity (TR) was videotaped during intraoral infusion of 7 ml of either quinine (3 mm) or distilled water at 17, 52, or 94 d after surgery. We confirmed previous findings by showing that 17 d after neurotomy, (1) the number of circumvallate (CV) and foliate taste buds, (2) gapes (a characteristic aversive TR response), and (3) the number of Fos-like immunoreactive (FLI) neurons in the gustatory NST (gNST), particularly in the medial portion (subfield 5) of the rostral central subdivision (RC), were all severely attenuated in GLX rats. We extended these findings by showing that these lesion-induced effects were enduring when the GL did not regenerate (up to 94 d). In contrast, when the GL regenerated, as few as 52 d were sufficient to re-establish quinine-elicited TR, especially gaping, and FLI expression in RC, particularly within subfield 5, to values comparable with quinine-stimulated sham-operated rats. Evidently, the gNST maintains its potential to restore accurately the organization of neural activity that is disrupted by nerve injury, as assessed by FLI, ultimately leading to the return of normal protective oromotor responses, provided the nerve regenerates. This recovery was complete despite the reappearance of a reduced population of CV taste buds ( approximately 75% control values) and may relate to peripheral and/or central changes that occur in tandem with regeneration of the GL.

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Transection of the chorda tympani and insertion of ear pins for stereotaxic surgery: Equivalent effects on taste sensitivity

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Behavioral Discrimination between Quinine and KCl Is Dependent on Input from the Seventh Cranial Nerve: Implications for the Functional Roles of the Gustatory Nerves in Rats

Behavioral Discrimination between Quinine and KCl Is Dependent on Input from the Seventh Cranial Nerve: Implications for the Functional Roles of the Gustatory Nerves in Rats

The functional role of the T1R family of receptors in sweet taste and feeding

Glossopharyngeal Nerve Regeneration Is Essential for the Complete Recovery of Quinine-Stimulated Oromotor Rejection Behaviors and Central Patterns of Neuronal Activity in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in the Rat

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