Transduction of bitter and sweet taste by gustducin

Wong, George S. K.; Gannon, Kimberley S.; Margolskee, Robert F.

doi:10.1038/381796a0

Cited by 618 publications

(467 citation statements)

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“…Except for the subset of type II cells immunopositive for gustducin, the percentages of double labeled BMP4-ß-gal and type I, II, III cells (NTPDase2, PLCß2-IR, PGP9.5-IR, serotonin-IR, NCAM-IR) are not statistically different (Tukey test; p > 0.05), tending to support the hypothesis that BMP4 is broadly expressed by differentiating taste cells, regardless of cell type. However, this may not be the case for gustducin-IR cells, which are the subset of type II cells within the circumvallate that transduce bitter taste [11,12]. As very few double-labeled gustducin-IR cells were detected, it may be that BMP4 is not involved in differentiation of the bitter-sensing cell lineage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type II cells are receptor cells, which transduce sweet, bitter and umami stimuli [5-8], and overlapping subsets of type II cells are immunoreactive for α-gustducin, phospholipase Cβ2 [9,10], and the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3 (IP 3 R3) [6]. α-gustducin-knockout mice are insensitive to bitter tastants [11], linking this particular marker to the bitter sensitive subpopulation of type II cells [12]. Type III cells transduce sour stimuli [13,14] and salty [15], and form synapses with nerve fibers [16-20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential expression of a BMP4 reporter allele in anterior fungiform versus posterior circumvallate taste buds of mice

Nguyen

Barlow

2010

BMC Neurosci

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BackgroundBone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) is a diffusible factor which regulates embryonic taste organ development. However, the role of BMP4 in taste buds of adult mice is unknown. We utilized transgenic mice with LacZ under the control of the BMP4 promoter to reveal the expression of BMP4 in the tongues of adult mice. Further we evaluate the pattern of BMP4 expression with that of markers of specific taste bud cell types and cell proliferation to define and compare the cell populations expressing BMP4 in anterior (fungiform papillae) and posterior (circumvallate papilla) tongue.ResultsBMP4 is expressed in adult fungiform and circumvallate papillae, i.e., lingual structures composed of non-taste epithelium and taste buds. Unexpectedly, we find both differences and similarities with respect to expression of BMP4-driven ß-galactosidase. In circumvallate papillae, many fusiform cells within taste buds are BMP4-ß-gal positive. Further, a low percentage of BMP4-expressing cells within circumvallate taste buds is immunopositive for markers of each of the three differentiated taste cell types (I, II and III). BMP4-positive intragemmal cells also expressed a putative marker of immature taste cells, Sox2, and consistent with this finding, intragemmal cells expressed BMP4-ß-gal within 24 hours after their final mitosis, as determined by BrdU birthdating. By contrast, in fungiform papillae, BMP4-ß-gal positive cells are never encountered within taste buds. However, in both circumvallate and fungiform papillae, BMP4-ß-gal expressing cells are located in the perigemmal region, comprising basal and edge epithelial cells adjacent to taste buds proper. This region houses the proliferative cell population that gives rise to adult taste cells. However, perigemmal BMP4-ß-gal cells appear mitotically silent in both fungiform and circumvallate taste papillae, as we do not find evidence of their active proliferation using cell cycle immunomarkers and BrdU birthdating.ConclusionOur data suggest that intragemmal BMP4-ß-gal cells in circumvallate papillae are immature taste cells which eventually differentiate into each of the 3 taste cell types, whereas perigemmal BMP4-ß-gal cells in both circumvallate and fungiform papillae may be slow cycling stem cells, or belong to the stem cell niche to regulate taste cell renewal from the proliferative cell population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of a BMP4 reporter allele in anterior fungiform versus posterior circumvallate taste buds of mice

Nguyen

Barlow

2010

BMC Neurosci

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“…In taste cells, TAS1Rs are known to trigger Ca 2+ signaling pathways and affect cAMP levels (3,4,24). GNAT3 is closely related to the α-subunits of retinal transducins (GNAT1 and GNAT2) (53,56) that activate retinal (type 6) phosphodiesterases (PDEs) (53,56,57). Indeed, lack of GNAT3 in Gnat3 −/− mice produced a significant increase of cAMP levels in taste cells (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic loss or pharmacological blockade of testes-expressed taste genes causes male sterility

Mosinger

Redding

Parker

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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TAS1R taste receptors and their associated heterotrimeric G protein gustducin are involved in sugar and amino acid sensing in taste cells and in the gastrointestinal tract. They are also strongly expressed in testis and sperm, but their functions in these tissues were previously unknown. Using mouse models, we show that the genetic absence of both TAS1R3, a component of sweet and amino acid taste receptors, and the gustducin α-subunit GNAT3 leads to malespecific sterility. To gain further insight into this effect, we generated a mouse model that expressed a humanized form of TAS1R3 susceptible to inhibition by the antilipid medication clofibrate. Sperm formation in animals without functional TAS1R3 and GNAT3 is compromised, with malformed and immotile sperm. Furthermore, clofibrate inhibition of humanized TAS1R3 in the genetic background of Tas1r3 −/− , Gnat3 −/− doubly null mice led to inducible male sterility. These results indicate a crucial role for these extraoral "taste" molecules in sperm development and maturation. We previously reported that blocking of human TAS1R3, but not mouse TAS1R3, can be achieved by common medications or chemicals in the environment. We hypothesize that even low levels of these compounds can lower sperm count and negatively affect human male fertility, which common mouse toxicology assays would not reveal. Conversely, we speculate that TAS1R3 and GNAT3 activators may help infertile men, particularly those that are affected by some of the mentioned inhibitors and/or are diagnosed with idiopathic infertility involving signaling pathway of these receptors.phenoxy compounds | spermiogenesis

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“…This cAMP signal transduction pathway has been shown to be involved in sugar perception [84][85][86]. Additionally, the Gα subunit of the taste receptor-specific G-protein gustducin is required for mammalian behavioral response to bitter and sweet compounds [87]. Another G-protein subunit, Gγ13, is involved in bitter signal transduction [88].…”

Section: Signal Transductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste and pheromone perception in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

Ebbs

Amrein

2007

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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Taste is an essential sense for detection of nutrient-rich food and avoidance of toxic substances. The Drosophila melanogaster gustatory system provides an excellent model to study taste perception and taste-elicited behaviors. "The fly" is unique in the animal kingdom with regard to available experimental tools, which include a wide repertoire of molecular-genetic analyses (i.e., efficient production of transgenics and gene knockouts), elegant behavioral assays, and the possibility to conduct electrophysiological investigations. In addition, fruit flies, like humans, recognize sugars as a food source, but avoid bitter tasting substances that are often toxic to insects and mammals alike. This paper will present recent research progress in the field of taste and contact pheromone perception in the fruit fly. First, we shall describe the anatomical properties of the Drosophila gustatory system and survey the family of taste receptors to provide an appropriate background. We shall then review taste and pheromone perception mainly from a molecular genetic perspective that includes behavioral, electrophysiological and imaging analyses of wild type flies and flies with genetically manipulated taste cells. Finally, we shall provide an outlook of taste research in this elegant model system for the next few years.Keywords Drosophila . Gustatory receptor neurons . GTP-binding protein-coupled receptors Like most animals, Drosophila monitor their chemical world with two distinct senses: the olfactory system, which is used for the detection of volatile chemicals, and the gustatory (taste) system, which enables the fly to detect soluble compounds. The olfactory sensory system (or the fly nose) is comprised of two pairwise head appendages, the third segments of the antennae, and the maxillary palps (Fig. 1). These appendages are covered with hundreds of sensory hairs, each of which contains two to four olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) [1]. In contrast, the gustatory system is widely distributed over the animal's body. The main taste organ, the proboscis or labial palps (i.e., the fly tongue), is located on the distal end of the labellum (also a head appendage), but flies, like many other insects, have taste sensilla on legs and wings and, in females, on the genitalia [1,2].The roles of the olfactory and taste systems are clearly separated with regard to the physical state of chemicals they detect (volatile vs solubilized). However, the two systems often cooperate to fulfill specific functions in related processes and behaviors, the most obvious of them being the location and identification of food. For example, chemical cues such as the specific odor of a flower and the sugar compounds present in its nectar are by nature associated with one another. Thus, the odor cue provides a primary sensory input for an insect such as a honeybee to locate a food source (nectar), whose particular chemical composition is subsequently verified by the taste system. Similarly, the typical odor of yeast, which produces high amounts of t...

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Transduction of bitter and sweet taste by gustducin

Cited by 618 publications

References 29 publications

Differential expression of a BMP4 reporter allele in anterior fungiform versus posterior circumvallate taste buds of mice

Differential expression of a BMP4 reporter allele in anterior fungiform versus posterior circumvallate taste buds of mice

Genetic loss or pharmacological blockade of testes-expressed taste genes causes male sterility

Taste and pheromone perception in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

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