Transdermal delivery of two antioxidants from different cosmetic formulations

Abstract

The efficacy of any cosmetic product containing a functional ingredient is determined by the skin delivery of the active molecule, which is influenced by the type of the vehicle and the molecule itself. This study was designed to compare the percutaneous absorption habits of the antioxidants carcinine and lipoic acid out of various formulations by means of the porcine skin model. Initial evaluation of the in vitro porcine skin model has demonstrated its feasibility for various substances and formulations [1, 2]. Increasing legal requirements for risk assessment in the cosmetic industry have led to the development of this alternative test method. The penetration properties are determined by the OECD Guideline TG 428: Skin Absorption: in vitro Method [3, 4], which allows the use of porcine skin for penetration studies. Porcine skin is used because of its similarity to human skin in terms of its morphology and the essential permeation characteristics [5]. The mass balances for each tested formulation type of the antioxidants show individual penetration behaviours with significant differences. The presented data plainly demonstrate that the lipophilic lipoic acid has a distinct higher penetration potential than the hydrophilic carcinine. The chosen vehicle can enhance or reduce the transdermal delivery of both tested antioxidants. Modern effective cosmetic formulations will work only, if the active ingredients penetrate into the epidermis. In conclusion, the correct selection of a suitable formulation plays an important role during product development.

Cubosomes: composition, preparation, and drug delivery applications.

“…Phytantriol (Figure 1 B) (3, 7, 11, 15-tetramethyl-1, 2, 3-hexadecantriol) has the ability to form a bicontinuous cubic structure in aqueous media under physiological condition and temperature. Recently it gained more interest, compared to monoglycerides, in biomedical field due to its high chemical stability compared to monoglycerides as a result of absence of ester group [35], its enhanced skin penetration properties [36], improved moisture retention [37] and it is commercially available with high purity (95 %), while monoglycerides are with different purities as they are produced from various sources [38]. PHYT-based liquid crystalline matrices were found to be able to sustain the release of different drug molecules especially those having hydrophilic properties and thus it is considered as a remarkable sustained drug delivery system [39].…”

In vitro and computational studies of transdermal perfusion of nanoformulations containing a large molecular weight protein

“…Transdermal perfusion of large hydrophilic molecules such as globular proteins, remains a challenging task. This is mainly due to the lipophilic nature of skin's barrier [1][2][3]. The barrier function of mammalian skin is mainly attributed to the stratum corneum (SC), the outer protective layer.…”

Aqueous self-assembly of phytantriol in ternary systems: Effect of monoolein, distearoylphosphatidylglycerol and three water-miscible solvents

“…Hartley et al used a cubic phase of PT in water in order to bind the toxin ricin by incorporating certain galactose amphiphiles [19]. PT has also been used to deliver antioxidants [20] and aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its methyl ester to skin [5]. Furthermore, aqueous dispersions of the cubic phase of PT have been investigated [21][22][23].…”