Transdermal delivery of Minoxidil using HA-PLGA nanoparticles for the treatment in alopecia

Abstract

BackgroundAlopecia has become a very common disease that many people around the world are suffered. Minoxidil (MXD) is the most well-known commercialized drug in its treatment. However, in the case of MXD administration, there are some problems with low efficiency of transdermal delivery and additional side effects.MethodMXD and Rhodamine B (Rho B) are encapsulated in poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) grafted hyaluronate nanoparticles (HA-PLGA/MXD NPs, HA-PLGA/Rho B NPs) which is prepared with W/O/W solvent evaporation method. After then, the investigation is carried out to confirm the feasibility of NPs in alopecia treatment.ResultsBoth of HA-PLGA/MXD NPs and HA-PLGA/Rho B NPs are successfully prepared. In addition, it is confirmed that HA-PLGA NPs sufficiently delivered to cells without any significant cytotoxicity by cell viability, cellular uptake and skin permeation test.ConclusionTaken together, HA-PLGA NPs as a transdermal delivery carrier to hair follicle cells can be exploited to develop the efficient and effective platform of transdermal drug delivery for the treatment of various diseases.

Non-Invasive Topical Drug-Delivery System Using Hyaluronate Nanogels Crosslinked via Click Chemistry

“…Notably, compared to our previous work [ 16 , 28 ] on transdermal vaccine delivery, the HA nanogel carriers showed high efficiency of tissue penetration, possibly due to their soft and flexible characteristics. In case of the HA–OVA conjugates, the efficiency of tissue penetration was only 39% due to the steric effect of large-size OVA (protein), and 41% of minoxidil (chemical drug) could penetrate with rigid HA–PLGA nanoparticles.…”

“…In our previous work, we could confirm that HA–ovalbumin (OVA) conjugates had successfully penetrated into the skin barrier (stratum corneum) and were well dispersed in the epidermis and dermis layers [ 16 ]. In addition, HA–poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles encapsulating minoxidil also showed successful transdermal penetration [ 28 ]. However, the other groups without HA conjugation could not be delivered to the deep skin tissues.…”

Topical Treatment for Scarring and Non-Scarring Alopecia: An Overview of the Current Evidence

“…Polymers like poly(lactic-co-glycolic) (PLGA), 31,60,69 poly-ε-caprolactone, 62 poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) 55 and chitosan 50 have been often used as matrices to produce nanoparticles that encapsulate drugs for the topical treatment of alopecia, resulting in high skin biocompatibility approaches. Also, nanoparticles composed of these biodegradable polymers have shown to target the hair follicles upon topical application, ensuring controlled drug release once deposited into the follicular casts.…”

“…2 Minoxidil is a vasodilator that accelerates the secretion of growth factors for hair regeneration. 31 After being approved by the FDA to treat androgenic alopecia, topical minoxidil has also been used as an off-label medication to treat several other types of alopecia, including alopecia areata, scarring alopecia, and anagen effluvium. 32 Oral minoxidil, used as an antihypertensive agent, is not a therapeutic option due to side effects, which include sodium and fluid retention, acute pulmonary edema, and pulmonary hypertension, reflex tachycardia, and, less…”

“…Topical minoxidil has the disadvantage of limited efficiency, 31 as it depends on sulfotransferase enzymes in the hair follicle's outer root sheath to be converted into its active form -minoxidil sulfate. 41 Commercial formulations of this drug are currently solutions in alcohol or propylene glycol due to its poor water solubility, which may produce skin irritation such as scalp dryness, burning, redness, and allergic contact dermatitis, which interfere in the effectiveness of the therapy.…”