Transdermal delivery of desmopressin using a coated microneedle array patch system

Proteins and Peptides: Strategies for Delivery to and Across the Skin

“…The Macroflux system (Zosano Pharma, Fremont, CA) is a coated 2 cm 2 microneedle array composed of titanium that is being developed for delivery of a range of drugs and vaccines. [99][100][101] It has been used to deliver a target dose of 20 mg desmopressin within 15 min with 85% bioavailability. 99 This compares favourably with alternative delivery routes such as intranasal and oral administration which exhibit low and variable bioavailability.…”

Fabrication of Dissolving Polymer Microneedles for Controlled Drug Encapsulation and Delivery: Bubble and Pedestal Microneedle Designs

“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Microneedles are micron-scale needles that are produced by adapting the tools of the microelectronics industry and pierce across the stratum corneum and into the epidermis and/or superficial dermis to administer compounds into the skin for local or systemic administration. Microneedles can be assembled into patches, which offers simplicity of use and low cost similar to conventional transdermal patches.…”

“…Studies have shown that coated microneedles can carry a controlled dose by coating the drug only onto a defined region on the needle substrate surface. 14,15,20 The coated drug is released from the microneedle upon insertion into the skin. A drawback of this approach, however, is that such microneedles leave behind sharp, biohazardous waste after use, which may present safety concerns and special disposal needs.…”

Routes of Delivery for Biological Drug Products

“…22.2) [271]. Previous clinical and preclinical studies have also demonstrated the capability of their drug-coated microneedle patch technology to deliver peptides, recombinant proteins, and vaccine antigen [272][273][274][275].…”