Transcriptomics and proteomic studies reveal acaricidal mechanism of octadecanoic acid-3, 4 - tetrahydrofuran diester against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi

Abstract

In our previous study, a new compound, octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester, possessing potent acaricidal activity was obtained from neem oil. This study performed RNA-seq transcriptomics and iTRAQ proteomics to uncover the acaricidal mechanism of the compound against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi. The results of transcriptomics indicated that after treatment with octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester, genes related to “Energy metabolism” were significantly up-/down-regulated, including citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation pathway and fatty acid metabolism. Proteomics analysis showed accordant changes of proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation pathway. The target proteins of the compound were NADH dehydrogenase, Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, Cytochrome c oxidase, ATP synthase, enolase and superoxide dismutase. In transcriptomics-proteomics correlation analysis, the concordance rate between protein abundances and their corresponding mRNAs was 57%, while others (43%) were discordant changes, suggesting divergent regulating effects of octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester. These results suggested that the acaricidal mechanism of octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester attributed to interference with energy metabolism, especially oxidative phosphorylation pathway.

Biological Activity of Root Extract Decalepis hamiltonii (Wight & Arn) against Three Mosquito Vectors and Their Non-Toxicity against the Mosquito Predators

“…Previously, [44] also investigated that the crude extract of Thalictrum javanicum and their chief derivatives oleic acid showed strong mosquitocidal activity against the dengue filarial vector. Similarly, octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester displayed significant alteration in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in the Itch mite Sarcoptesscabiei [45,46]. In support of the above findings, all these compounds might play a major role in delivering larvicidal, enzyme inhibition, and antibacterial activity against the mosquito vectors and microbes.…”

Serodiagnostic Potential of Alpha-Enolase From Sarcoptes scabiei and Its Possible Role in Host-Mite Interactions

“…The assessment of the acaricidal activity of specific compounds against mites is usually performed in vitro . Filter paper (mites were placed on the filter paper, and the tested solutions were sprayed to mites) (Nong et al, 2012 ; Seddiek et al, 2013 ; Gu et al, 2014 ) and liquid paraffin (mites were placed into the solution diluted in liquid paraffin) (Deng et al, 2012 ; Hu et al, 2015 ; Song et al, 2017 ) are the two most frequently used methods. For the filter paper method, it is hard to identify and calculate the mortality under the microscope because mites move very quickly and are scattered around if the acaricidal activity of specific compounds is not very strong and mites cannot be killed quickly; additionally, the poor optical transparency of filter paper also increases the difficulty of observation.…”

“…canis homogenate supernatant, with relative high expression (Morgan et al, 2016 ), and was identified as an antigenic protein (Morgan et al, 2017 ). Recent evidence confirmed that enolase was the target protein of an acaricide named octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester and that this compound interferes with the energy metabolism of S. scabiei (Song et al, 2017 ). But beyond that, no research has been conducted on S. scabiei enolase, despite its potential importance in S. scabiei .…”

Application of Sustainable Natural Resources in Agriculture: Acaricidal and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Naphthoquinones and Their Analogs against Psoroptes cuniculi

“…Pesticides have several insecticidal mechanisms but primarily kill by interfering with enzyme activity related to insect metabolism 19 , 25 . AChE, related to the vital movements of insects, plays an important role in insect neural conduction 40 , and the inhibition of AChE is one of the modes of action of many insecticides, such as organophosphates and carbamates.…”