“…Accordingly, the stress magnitude, order and duration play crucial roles in determining the morpho-physiological outcomes of combinatorial stresses (Mittler, 2006a;Anwar et al, 2021a;Nadeem et al, 2022). Stress magnitude refers to the relative or absolute intensity of individual stressors, such as the absolute temperature during heat or cold stress (Praat et al, 2021;Zhu et al, 2022a), the soil water content during drought stress (Ma et al, 2014), light availability during submergence (Mohanty, 2003;Vashisht et al, 2011;Sasidharan et al, 2018), or the days post infection (dpi) during pathogenesis (Pal et al, 2022). Additionally, the number of co-existing stressors during a combinatorial stress scenario is also an important factor in determining the outcome for the plant.…”