Transcriptomic identification and expression analysis of cold shock domain protein (CSP) genes in the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Phototrophic Dinoflagellate Biecheleriopsis adriatica Grown Under Optimal Temperature and Cold and Heat Stress

“…Therefore, differences in growth and differential gene expression among very cold or hot and optimal temperatures should be understood to explore the survival of dinoflagellates in terms of eco-physiology and gene expression with respect to molecular biology. However, only three studies have explored the differential expression of two target genes of dinoflagellates grown under optimal temperature and cold stress or under optimal temperature and cold and heat stress (Deng et al, 2019;Kim et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021). The expression of two cold shock domain protein genes in the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum exposed to low temperatures (4, 12, or 16 • C) increased compared to that exposed to 20 • C; the expression of saxitoxin biosynthesis gene sxtA4 increased in the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella by cold shock (20→16 • C), while that of sxtG increased by cold shock (20→16 • C) and heat stress (12→20 • C); heat shock protein 60 and 10 expressions were upregulated in the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Scrippsiella acuminata after exposure to lower (15, 10, and 5 • C) and higher (25 and 30 • C) temperatures compared to optimal temperature (20 • C).…”

“…There have been several studies on comparative transcriptome analysis of dinoflagellates grown under optimal temperature and heat stress (Barshis et al, 2014;Fridey, 2015;Levin et al, 2016;Gierz et al, 2017;Davies et al, 2018;Bellantuono et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2019). However, only a few studies have compared the expression of a few target genes of dinoflagellates grown under optimal temperature and cold stress or optimal temperature and cold and heat stress (Deng et al, 2019;Kim et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021).…”

Identification and Regulatory Roles of a New Csr Small RNA from Arctic Pseudoalteromonas fuliginea BSW20308 in Temperature Responses

“…Therefore, understanding the responses and adaptation potential of cold-adapted microorganisms to rising temperatures is critical. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the adaptation of polar microorganisms to extreme environments and their changes at the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels ( 4 – 6 ). However, little is known about the role of posttranscriptional regulation and the functions of small RNAs (sRNAs) in adaptation to extreme environments and climate change in polar microorganisms.…”

Low Temperature and Cold Stress Significantly Increase Saxitoxins (STXs) and Expression of STX Biosynthesis Genes sxtA4 and sxtG in the Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella

“…In contrast to cyanobacteria, molecular studies on STX-producing dinoflagellates are limited and are further complicated owing to their extraordinary genetic characteristics, including a huge genome, permanently condensed chromosomes, high GC content, and post-transcriptional regulation [ 36 ]. Recent large-scale transcriptomic analyses using next-generation sequencing (NGS) have enabled the characterization and identification of homologous genes in toxic Alexandrium [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”