Transcriptomic Dysregulation of Inflammation-Related Genes in Leukocytes of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) during and after Pregnancy: Identifying Potential Biomarkers Relevant to Glycemic Abnormality

Zieleniak, Andrzej; Źurawska-Kliś, Monika; Cypryk, Katarzyna; Woźniak, Lucyna A.; Wójcik, Marzena

doi:10.3390/ijms232314677

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 78 publications

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“…Subsequent gene ontology term and pathway analyses using these mRNAs suggested that immune and inflammatory functional categories were important for the pathogenesis of GDM. This is consistent with a recent study demonstrating higher expression of inflammation-related genes in blood cells from women with GDM compared to women with normal glucose tolerance [ 81 ] and earlier studies suggesting an important role for inflammation in GDM [ 82 ].…”

Section: Genetics Of Gdmsupporting

confidence: 93%

Genetics and Epigenetics: Implications for the Life Course of Gestational Diabetes

Lowe

2023

IJMS

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Gestational diabetes (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, affecting as many as one in six pregnancies. It is associated with both short- and long-term adverse outcomes for the mother and fetus and has important implications for the life course of affected women. Advances in genetics and epigenetics have not only provided new insight into the pathophysiology of GDM but have also provided new approaches to identify women at high risk for progression to postpartum cardiometabolic disease. GDM and type 2 diabetes share similarities in their pathophysiology, suggesting that they also share similarities in their genetic architecture. Candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have identified susceptibility genes that are shared between GDM and type 2 diabetes. Despite these similarities, a much greater effect size for MTNR1B in GDM compared to type 2 diabetes and association of HKDC1, which encodes a hexokinase, with GDM but not type 2 diabetes suggest some differences in the genetic architecture of GDM. Genetic risk scores have shown some efficacy in identifying women with a history of GDM who will progress to type 2 diabetes. The association of epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation and circulating microRNAs, with GDM has also been examined. Targeted and epigenome-wide approaches have been used to identify DNA methylation in circulating blood cells collected during early, mid-, and late pregnancy that is associated with GDM. DNA methylation in early pregnancy had some ability to identify women who progressed to GDM, while DNA methylation in blood collected at 26–30 weeks gestation improved upon the ability of clinical factors alone to identify women at risk for progression to abnormal glucose tolerance post-partum. Finally, circulating microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs that are present in early or mid-pregnancy and associated with GDM have been identified. MicroRNAs have also proven efficacious in predicting both the development of GDM as well as its long-term cardiometabolic complications. Studies performed to date have demonstrated the potential for genetic and epigenetic technologies to impact clinical care, although much remains to be done.

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Section: Genetics Of Gdmsupporting

confidence: 93%

Genetics and Epigenetics: Implications for the Life Course of Gestational Diabetes

Lowe

2023

IJMS

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Insulinemic and Inflammatory Dietary Patterns Show Enhanced Predictive Potential for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk

Zu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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Context The putative association between proinflammatory and hyperinsulinemic dietary patterns and susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. Objective We aimed to compare the risk associated with the Mediterranean diet, as well as insulinemic and proinflammatory dietary patterns, in relation to the occurrence of GDM, and evaluate their predictive value. Methods We prospectively followed 8, 495 women from the Maternal and Infant Health cohort in Hefei, China (2015-2021). Using a food frequency questionnaire, we calculated the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP), the Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) score, and the Mediterranean diet (MD) score. GDM was diagnosed based on a 2-hour 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test conducted between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of GDM, while Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the predictive performance of the empirical dietary index for GDM. Results Participants who followed hyperinsulinemic or proinflammatory dietary patterns to the greatest extent had a higher risk of developing GDM. The OR for the highest quartile compared to the lowest quartile were 1.39 (95% CI: 1.30-1.49) for EDIH and 2.40 (95% CI: 1.88-3.01) for EDIP. The OR for the lowest quartile compared to the highest quartile was 1.33 (95% CI:1.14-1.55)for MD. The ROC curve analysis indicated that the combination of EDIP and EDIH (AUC = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.78-0.82, P = 0.003) can effectively predict the occurrence of GDM. Conclusions Utilizing both empirical dietary indexes, EDIP and EDIH, might offer a potentially more effective approach in preventing GDM when compared to solely focusing on adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern.

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Preliminary Investigation of Potential Early Biomarkers for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from PTRPG and IGKV2D-28 Expression Analysis

Payot,

Villavieja,

Pineda-Cortel

2024

IJMS

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses significant health risks to both mothers and infants, emphasizing the need for early detection strategies to mitigate its impact. However, the existing diagnostic methods, particularly the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) administered in the second or third trimester, show limitations in the detection of GDM during its early stages. This study aimed to explore the potential of the genes Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor-type Gamma (PTPRG) and Immunoglobulin Kappa Variable 2D-28 (IGKV2D-28) as early indicators for GDM among Filipino pregnant women. Utilizing reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the gene expressions were analyzed in first-trimester blood samples obtained from 24 GDM and 36 non-GDM patients. The diagnostic performance of PTPRG and IGKV2D-28 was analyzed and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The findings revealed elevated expression levels of PTPRG and IGKV2D-28 within the GDM cohort. Remarkably, PTPRG exhibited a sensitivity of 83%, while IGKV2D-28 demonstrated a specificity of 94% at determined cut-off values. Combining both genes yielded an improved but limited diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.63. This preliminary investigation of PTPRG and IGKV2D-28 sheds light on novel avenues for early GDM detection. While these findings are promising, further validation studies in larger cohorts are necessary to confirm these results and explore additional biomarkers to enhance diagnostic precision in GDM pregnancies and, ultimately, to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.

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Transcriptomic Dysregulation of Inflammation-Related Genes in Leukocytes of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) during and after Pregnancy: Identifying Potential Biomarkers Relevant to Glycemic Abnormality

Cited by 3 publications

References 78 publications

Genetics and Epigenetics: Implications for the Life Course of Gestational Diabetes

Genetics and Epigenetics: Implications for the Life Course of Gestational Diabetes

Insulinemic and Inflammatory Dietary Patterns Show Enhanced Predictive Potential for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk

Preliminary Investigation of Potential Early Biomarkers for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from PTRPG and IGKV2D-28 Expression Analysis

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