Transcriptomic and Physiological Responses of Chlorella pyrenoidosa during Exposure to 17α-Ethinylestradiol

Abstract

17α-ethinylestradiol (17α-EE2) is frequently detected in water bodies due to its use being widespread in the treatment of prostate and breast cancer and in the control of alopecia, posing a threat to humans and aquatic organisms. However, studies on its toxicity to Chlorella pyrenoidosa have been limited to date. This study investigated the effects of 17α-EE2 on the growth, photosynthetic activity, and antioxidant system of C. pyrenoidosa and revealed related molecular changes using transcriptomic analysis. The cell density of algae was inhibited in the presence of 17α-EE2, and cell morphology was also altered. Photosynthetics were damaged, while reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased. Further transcriptomic analysis revealed that the pathways of photosynthesis and DNA replication were affected at three concentrations of 17α-EE2, but several specific pathways exhibited various behaviors at different concentrations. Significant changes in differentially expressed genes and their enrichment pathways showed that the low-concentration group was predominantly impaired in photosynthesis, while the higher-concentration groups were biased towards oxidative and DNA damage. This study provides a better understanding of the cellular and molecular variations of microalgae under 17α-EE2 exposure, contributing to the environmental risk assessment of such hazardous pollutants on aquatic organisms.

Transcriptomic Comparison of Liver Tissue across Different Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) Strains

“…Reads containing adaptor sequences as well as low-quality and undetermined bases were removed using Cutadapt (https://cutadapt.readthedocs.io/en/stable/guide.html, accessed on 5 July 2022) and Perl scripts V5.8.7 [19]. Prior to downstream analyses, the quality of the remaining sequences was assessed with FastQC (http://www.bioinformatics.…”

Transcriptional insights into Chlorella sp. ABC-001: a comparative study of carbon fixation and lipid synthesis under different CO2 conditions

“…UMACC 237 Freshwater Compare transcriptome profile of at ambient (4 °C) versus stress-inducing high (33 °C) temperatures Temperature n.a Ambient air 120 h 4℃ 120 h 33℃ [ 26 ] Chlorella sorokiniana NIES-2168 Freshwater To elucidate the effects glucose assimilation and light intensity Carbon source n.a Ambient air 2% glucose Day 7 Autotrophic Day 7 Mixotrophic [ 35 ] Chlorella vulgaris PKVL 7422 Freshwater To elucidate the effect of salt stress on metabolism and possible mechanisms of survival Salt stress n.a Ambient air Control wihout salt stress 2 h, 4 h NaCl 1% 2 h, 4 h NaCl 3% [ 37 ] Chlorella sp. L5 Freshwater Revealing the phenol tolerance mechanism Evolved strain for phenol n.a TAP Day 4, L5 strain Day 4, L3 strain [ 49 ] Chlorella pyrenoidosa FACHB-5 Freshwater Transcriptomic and Physiological Responses during Exposure to 17α-Ethinylestradiol 17α-Ethinylestradiol (17α EE 2 ) n.a Ambient air 96 h 0 mg/L 17α EE 2 96,h 2 mg/L 17α EE 2 96 h 4 mg/L 17α EE 2 96 h 8 mg/L 17α EE 2 [ 27 ] Chlorella sp. Cv Freshwater To understand global response and possible tolerance mechanism against flue gas in an evolved strain Flue gas …”

“…Recently, multiple transcriptomic analyses have been carried out under diverse conditions to understand the mechanisms of CO 2 fixation, lipid accumulation, and stress resistance in Chlorella sp. (Table 1) [13,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In particular, research has been conducted on the photosynthesis of these strains under high CO 2 concentrations, as Chlorella is known to have strains that have a tolerance to high CO 2 compared to other species [13,22,[28][29][30].…”