Transcriptomic and physiological analyses of rice seedlings under different nitrogen supplies provide insight into the regulation involved in axillary bud outgrowth

Abstract

Background: N is an important macronutrient required for plant development and significantly influences axillary bud outgrowth, which affects tillering and grain yields of rice. However, how different N concentrations affect axillary bud growth at the molecular and transcriptional levels remains unclear. Results: In this study, morphological changes in the axillary bud growth of rice seedlings under different N concentrations ranging from low to high levels were systematically observed. To investigate the expression of N-induced genes involved in axillary bud growth, we used RNA-seq technology to generate mRNA transcriptomic data from two tissue types, basal parts and axillary buds, of plants grown under six different N concentrations. In total, 10,221 and 12,180 DEGs induced by LN or HN supplies were identified in the basal parts and axillary buds, respectively, via comparisons to expression levels under NN level. Analysis of the coexpression modules from the DEGs of the basal parts and axillary buds revealed an abundance of related biological processes underlying the axillary bud growth of plants under N treatments. Among these processes, the activity of cell division and expansion was positively correlated with the growth rate of axillary buds of plants grown under different N supplies. Additionally, TFs and phytohormones were shown to play crucial roles in determining the axillary bud growth of plants grown under different N concentrations. Further validation of OsGS1;2 and OsGS2 , the rice mutants of which presented altered tiller numbers, validated our transcriptomic data. Conclusion: These results indicate that different N concentrations affect the axillary bud growth rate, and our study revealed comprehensive expression profiles of genes that respond to different N concentrations, providing an important resource for future studies attempting to determine how axillary bud growth is controlled by different N supplies.

The amino acid transporter OsAAP4 contributes to rice tillering and grain yield by regulating neutral amino acid allocation through two splicing variants

“…7c). Recently, the genes OsGS1;2 and OsGS2 were found to be highly expressed in the axillary buds under 5.0 mM nitrogen (Wang et al 2020), and further indicated that overexpression of OsGS1;2 and OsGS2 promote axillary bud growth and tiller number via ammonium assimilation, whereas reduced expression of GS1;2 affects the assimilation of ammonium into glutamine, resulting in decreased bud elongation and tiller number in rice (Ohashi et al 2015;Wang et al 2020). Similarly, our experiment also showed that expression of two genes OsGS1;2 and OsGS2 of the nitrogen pathway was increased in OE lines but decreased in Ri lines of OsAAP4.…”