Transcriptomic and metabolomic responses induced in the livers of growing pigs by a short-term intravenous infusion of sodium butyrate

Abstract

Previous studies showed that butyrate played benefit roles in the health and metabolism of animals. However, little information on the effects of butyrate on the metabolism of piglets at the extraintestinal level is available. The present study investigated transcriptomic and metabolomic responses in the livers of pigs to evaluate the effects of intravenous sodium butyrate (SB) on the body's metabolism at the extraintestinal level. A total of 12 Duroc×Landrace×Large White growing barrows (60 days of age) fitted with jugular vein cannula were randomly allocated to either the SB group or the control (CO) group. Pigs in the SB group were intravenously infused with 10 ml SB (200 mmol/l) for 7 days, whereas pigs in the CO group were treated with the same amount of saline. The livers of pigs were collected for gene expression and metabolome analyses. The RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis showed that the mRNA expression of Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) were downregulated (Q<0.05), whereas fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) and cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1) were upregulated (P<0.05) by SB treatment, indicating a decrease in fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis and an increase in fatty acid transportation and cholesterol metabolism. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that raffinose was enriched in the SB group compared with the CO group, indicating a decrease in metabolism of galactose. Moreover, SB treatment significantly decreased the concentration of blood cholesterol. The results suggest that a short-term intravenous infusion of SB could modulate hepatic lipid metabolism by decreasing fatty acid oxidation and increasing fatty acid transportation and cholesterol metabolism.

The Study of the Response of Fat Metabolism to Long-Term Energy Stress Based on Serum, Fatty Acid and Transcriptome Profiles in Yaks

“…The expression levels of the OXSM , HSD17B8 and ACSF3 genes were downregulated in the subcutaneous fat of the yaks under ES ( q < 0.05). Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2) is the key enzyme in the process of translating acetyl-CoA to fatty acids (4 < n < 16) [ 37 ], and the expression of the ACAA2 gene was downregulated ( q < 0.01) in the subcutaneous fat of the yaks in the ES group. It was inferred that SFA synthesis was inhibited in yaks under ES during the cold season.…”

Dynamic Changes in Serum Metabolomic Profiles of Growing Pigs Induced by Intravenous Infusion of Sodium Butyrate

“…Consistently, Yu et al (2017) [32] reported that oval butyrate changed betaalanine metabolism, alanine metabolism, and cysteine metabolism in d7 and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism in d 21 in the liver of neonatal piglets. In addition, previous research proved that intravenous infusion of SB could change the pathway of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, beta-Alanine metabolism, and methionine metabolism in the liver of growing piglets [26]. These results suggested that whether oral or intravenous infusion, SB could affect amino acid Differences were analyzed by two-way ANOVA using PROC MIXED with time and SB treatment as the main factors followed by post-hoc analysis in SAS.…”

“…Several reports in vitro showed that butyrate could stimulate porcine adipocyte differentiation [20], induce metabolic adaptations [21], and stimulate leptin production in adipocytes [22]. Moreover, researches have found that intravenous injection of SB could increase the secretion of amylase [23], improve structural aspects of intestinal adaptations by increasing proliferation and decreasing apoptosis [24], change the gene expression of the intestine [25] and the liver [26], and remold the composition of intestinal microecology [27] in animal models with intestine injury. Our previous study [26] showed that the infusion of butyrate changed the metabolite profile of the liver in a healthy growing pig model.…”

“…Moreover, researches have found that intravenous injection of SB could increase the secretion of amylase [23], improve structural aspects of intestinal adaptations by increasing proliferation and decreasing apoptosis [24], change the gene expression of the intestine [25] and the liver [26], and remold the composition of intestinal microecology [27] in animal models with intestine injury. Our previous study [26] showed that the infusion of butyrate changed the metabolite profile of the liver in a healthy growing pig model. However, limited information is available on the impact of parenteral butyrate on the profile of serum metabolites and its dynamics changes in pigs.…”

Transcriptomic Responses Induced in Muscle and Adipose Tissues of Growing Pigs by Intravenous Infusion of Sodium Butyrate

“…Another study showed that 10 days of oral administration of sodium butyrate (SB) alleviates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice by activating the adiponectin-mediated pathway and stimulating the mitochondrial function in skeletal muscles [ 15 ]. Our previous study showed that short-term intravenous SB infusion modulates the hepatic lipid metabolism by increasing fatty acid transportation and cholesterol metabolism and decreasing fatty acid oxidation [ 16 ]. However, it remains unclear whether systemic butyrate administration differentially impacts the metabolism of different tissues.…”