Transcriptomic Analysis Suggests Genes Expressed Stage-Independently and Stage–Dependently Modulating the Wing Dimorphism of the Brown Planthopper

Zhang, Chao; Liu, Xiangdong

doi:10.3390/genes11010019

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Previously, the tight junction pathway (KO04530) was found to be enriched in differentially expressed genes across the egg, nymph and adult stages between LW and SW strain BPHs [ 19 ]. In our study, the tight junction pathway was also significantly enriched in the targets of miRNAs highly expressed in the LW strain (adjusted p -value = 1.18 × 10 −2 ) ( Supplementary Table S8 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, targets of miRNAs more highly expressed in the LW strain were also enriched in vascular smooth muscle contraction (KO04270, adjusted p -value = 3.80 × 10 −2 ) and the oxytocin signaling pathway (KO04921, adjusted p -value = 1.62 × 10 −2 ) ( Supplementary Table S8 ). Zhang et al [ 19 ] also found that differentially expressed genes between LW and SW strain at the 3rd instar nymph stage were significantly enriched in vascular smooth muscle contraction and the oxytocin signaling pathway. These results imply that the regulation of miRNA expression might be involved in the determination of wing length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a key endocrine signal, ecdysone modulates insect molting and metamorphosis but also participates in wing morph determination in the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum [ 17 , 18 ]. Multiple signaling pathways are involved in regulating wing morph determination and dozens of genes show differences in stage-dependent expression between LW and SW BPHs [ 19 ]. However, how these genes work together in the associated pathways to modulate polyphenism is still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Analysis of MicroRNAs Associated with Wing Polyphenism in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Zhang

Zhan

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Many insects are capable of developing two types of wings (i.e., wing polyphenism) to adapt to various environments. Though the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating animal growth and development have been well studied, their potential roles in modulating wing polyphenism remain largely elusive. To identify wing polyphenism-related miRNAs, we isolated small RNAs from 1st to 5th instar nymphs of long-wing (LW) and short-wing (SW) strains of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. Small RNA libraries were then constructed and sequenced, yielding 158 conserved and 96 novel miRNAs. Among these, 122 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the two BPH strains. Specifically, 47, 2, 27 and 41 miRNAs were more highly expressed in the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars, respectively, of the LW strain compared with the SW strain. In contrast, 47, 3, 29 and 25 miRNAs were more highly expressed in the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars, respectively, of the SW strain compared with the LW strain. Next, we predicted the targets of these miRNAs and carried out Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. We found that a number of pathways might be involved in wing form determination, such as the insulin, MAPK, mTOR, FoxO and thyroid hormone signaling pathways and the thyroid hormone synthesis pathway. Thirty and 45 differentially expressed miRNAs targeted genes in the insulin signaling and insect hormone biosynthesis pathways, respectively, which are related to wing dimorphism. Among these miRNAs, Nlu-miR-14-3p, Nlu-miR-9a-5p and Nlu-miR-315-5p, were confirmed to interact with insulin receptors (NlInRs) in dual luciferase reporter assays. These discoveries are helpful for understanding the miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism of wing polyphenism in BPHs and shed new light on how insects respond to environmental cues through developmental plasticity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Analysis of MicroRNAs Associated with Wing Polyphenism in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Zhang

Zhan

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…The RNA extraction and qPCR methods were referred to by Zhang and Liu (2020). Two reference genes, 18S rRNA and actin were used, because they were stable across conditions (Lin et al ., 2014; Xu et al ., 2015; Xu et al ., 2016; Zhang & Liu, 2020). The primers used in this study are shown in Table S4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection of long‐ and short‐winged lineages of BPH was made according to Zhang and Liu (2020). In brief, for the long‐winged lineage (M♂ × M♀), macropterous females and males with long wings were selected as parents to produce offspring in each generation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to determination of wing morphs of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

2022

Self Cite

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Wing dimorphism is a fascinating feature of the ability of insects to adapt to environments. The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, a serious pest of rice, can switch between the long-and short-winged morphs. It has been known that environmental factors can affect the wing morph of BPH. However, it is still unclear whether the effect of environment is dependent on BPH genetic backgrounds or not. In the present study, we established the pure-bred lineages of short-and long-winged BPHs via multigenerational selection, and we found that survival and fecundity were similar between these 2 lineages. Wing morphs of the pure-bred lineages were almost fully dependent on genetics, but independent of the environmental factors, nymphal density and rice plant stage, 2 key factors affecting BPH wing morphs. In the unselected BPH population, short-and longwinged morphs were produced depending on those 2 environmental factors, indicating the contribution of environment to wing morph. In the wing-selected lineages, 4 developmental regulated genes of wing, NlInR1, NlInR2, NlAkt, and NlFoxo were expressed stably in the short-winged adults, but almost silenced in the long-winged adults. However, all these genes were expressed normally with a similar level in both the short-and long-winged adults in an unselected population except NlFoxo. The pure-bred lineages of long-and short-winged morphs exhibited different expression patterns of wing development-regulated genes, suggesting the genetic determination of wing morphs. Effects of environmental factors on wing morphs occurred only in the genetic mix population.

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Threshold‐dependent gene regulation and partial assortative mating determine wing dimorphism of an insect

Mao,

He,

Liu

2023

Oikos

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Wing dimorphism is a life‐historical trait of insects which indicates the developmental trend of populations, going as migrants or staying as residents. The alternative wing morph enhances adaptability of insects to changing environments. However, the underlying mechanism for maintaining wing dimorphism remains vague. The brown planthoppers Nilaparvata lugens, a serious pest of rice, are either short‐winged or long‐winged. The shift between two wing morphs is determined by two insulin receptors. So, this pest is a better model organism to explore the mechanism of wing dimorphism. Here, the short‐ and long‐winged strains of N. lugens were selected. Rates of a selected wing morph were linearly increased in populations, and the selection response of the short‐winged morph was stronger than that of the long‐winged. Selection enhanced the migratory or resident propensity. Directional selection for the long‐winged morph resulted in longer and lighter forewings, while selection for the short‐winged morph generated shorter and thicker wings and higher fecundity. Relative expression levels of wing development genes InR1, InR2 and Foxo were positively correlated with the short‐winged rate in the short‐winged strain, while they were negatively correlated with the long‐winged rate in the long‐winged strain at specific stages. The change rate of expression levels was approximately two times as high as that of the wing morph rates in populations, indicating a high threshold‐dependent gene expressed regulation of wing morph. A partial assortative mating behavior occurred between the nearly pure‐bred lineages of short‐ and long‐winged strains. The short‐winged males preferred to mate with short‐winged females while the long‐winged males mated with the short‐ and long‐winged females equally. The threshold‐dependent mode may be more flexible to adjust wing morphs according to environmental conditions and the partial assortative mating promotes the genetic exchange between two wing morphs which drive the maintenance of wing dimorphism.

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Transcriptomic Analysis Suggests Genes Expressed Stage-Independently and Stage–Dependently Modulating the Wing Dimorphism of the Brown Planthopper

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

Identification and Analysis of MicroRNAs Associated with Wing Polyphenism in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Identification and Analysis of MicroRNAs Associated with Wing Polyphenism in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to determination of wing morphs of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

Threshold‐dependent gene regulation and partial assortative mating determine wing dimorphism of an insect

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