Transcriptomic analysis reveals a Piscirickettsia salmonis-induced early inflammatory response in rainbow trout skeletal muscle

Carrizo, Victoria; Valenzuela, Cristina Ofelia; Aros, Camila; Dettleff, Phillip; Valenzuela-Muñoz, Valentina; Gallardo‐Escárate, Cristian; Altamirano, Claudia; Molina, Alfredo; Valdés, Juan Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100859

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A recent study of RNA-seq on salmonid immune cells infected with P. salmonis observed similar processes [36], which could indicate that muscle cells respond similarly to infection. This is also consistent with the observations in skeletal muscle of salmon infected with these bacteria [41], and in in vitro and in vivo infections of rainbow trout skeletal muscle with P. salmonis LF-89 strains [18,20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In this sense, isolated and differentiated muscle cells, or myotubes, could be better considered to regulate fish muscle physiology against the systemic effects of infection through in vivo studies [19]. This inflammatory response of skeletal muscle to P. salmonis has been further investigated by RNA-seq in an in vivo challenge, revealing interesting details [20]. Moreover, high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has emerged as an optimal strategy for analyzing global gene expression [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RNA-Seq-Based Analysis of Cortisol-Induced Differential Gene Expression Associated with Piscirickettsia salmonis Infection in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Myotubes

Zuloaga

Dettleff

Bastías-Molina

et al. 2021

Animals

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Salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS) is the major infectious disease of the Chilean salmonid aquaculture industry caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis. Intensive farming conditions generate stress and increased susceptibility to diseases, being skeletal muscle mainly affected. However, the interplay between pathogen infection and stress in muscle is poorly understood. In this study, we perform an RNA-seq analysis on rainbow trout myotubes that are pretreated for 3 h with cortisol (100 ng/mL) and then infected with P. salmonis strain LF-89 for 8 h (MOI 50). Twelve libraries are constructed from RNA samples (n = 3 per group) and sequenced on Illumina HiSeq 4000. A total of 704,979,454 high-quality reads are obtained, with 70.25% mapped against the reference genome. In silico DETs include 175 total genes—124 are upregulated and 51 are downregulated. GO enrichment analysis reveals highly impacted biological processes related to apoptosis, negative regulation of cell proliferation, and innate immune response. These results are validated by RT-qPCR of nine candidate transcripts. Furthermore, cortisol pretreatment significantly stimulated bacterial gene expression of ahpC and 23s compared to infection. In conclusion, for the first time, we describe a transcriptomic response of trout myotubes infected with P. salmonis by inducing apoptosis, downregulating cell proliferation, and intrinsic immune-like response that is differentially regulated by cortisol.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-Seq-Based Analysis of Cortisol-Induced Differential Gene Expression Associated with Piscirickettsia salmonis Infection in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Myotubes

Zuloaga

Dettleff

Bastías-Molina

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…The number of differentially methylated regions and the associated metabolic pathways would support the hypothesis that epigenetic changes in the genome of infected Coho salmon could be modulated by P. salmonis . Trout skeletal muscle is an immunologically active organ that can implement an early immune response against P. salmonis ( 101 ). In fact, this response could be differentially regulated by cortisol, which could lead to bacterial outbreaks in muscle under stress conditions ( 102 , 103 ).…”

Section: Piscirickettsia Salmonis Evades the Cell-mediated A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Does Piscirickettsia salmonis Break the Immunological Paradigm in Farmed Salmon? Biological Context to Understand the Relative Control of Piscirickettsiosis

Rozas‐Serri¹

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Piscirickettsiosis (SRS) has been the most important infectious disease in Chilean salmon farming since the 1980s. It was one of the first to be described, and to date, it continues to be the main infectious cause of mortality. How can we better understand the epidemiological situation of SRS? The catch-all answer is that the Chilean salmon farming industry must fight year after year against a multifactorial disease, and apparently only the environment in Chile seems to favor the presence and persistence of Piscirickettsia salmonis. This is a fastidious, facultative intracellular bacterium that replicates in the host’s own immune cells and antigen-presenting cells and evades the adaptive cell-mediated immune response, which is why the existing vaccines are not effective in controlling it. Therefore, the Chilean salmon farming industry uses a lot of antibiotics—to control SRS—because otherwise, fish health and welfare would be significantly impaired, and a significantly higher volume of biomass would be lost per year. How can the ever-present risk of negative consequences of antibiotic use in salmon farming be balanced with the productive and economic viability of an animal production industry, as well as with the care of the aquatic environment and public health and with the sustainability of the industry? The answer that is easy, but no less true, is that we must know the enemy and how it interacts with its host. Much knowledge has been generated using this line of inquiry, however it remains insufficient. Considering the state-of-the-art summarized in this review, it can be stated that, from the point of view of fish immunology and vaccinology, we are quite far from reaching an effective and long-term solution for the control of SRS. For this reason, the aim of this critical review is to comprehensively discuss the current knowledge on the interaction between the bacteria and the host to promote the generation of more and better measures for the prevention and control of SRS.

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Applying genetic technologies to combat infectious diseases in aquaculture

Robinson

Robledo

Sveen

et al. 2022

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Disease and parasitism cause major welfare, environmental and economic concerns for global aquaculture. In this review, we examine the status and potential of technologies that exploit genetic variation in host resistance to tackle this problem. We argue that there is an urgent need to improve understanding of the genetic mechanisms involved, leading to the development of tools that can be applied to boost host

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Transcriptomic analysis reveals a Piscirickettsia salmonis-induced early inflammatory response in rainbow trout skeletal muscle

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

RNA-Seq-Based Analysis of Cortisol-Induced Differential Gene Expression Associated with Piscirickettsia salmonis Infection in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Myotubes

RNA-Seq-Based Analysis of Cortisol-Induced Differential Gene Expression Associated with Piscirickettsia salmonis Infection in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Myotubes

Why Does Piscirickettsia salmonis Break the Immunological Paradigm in Farmed Salmon? Biological Context to Understand the Relative Control of Piscirickettsiosis

Applying genetic technologies to combat infectious diseases in aquaculture

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