Transcriptomic Analysis of the Chicken MDA5 Response Genes

Yu, Shiman; Mao, Haiying; Jin, Meilin; Lin, Xian

doi:10.3390/genes11030308

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Following AIV infection, host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize specific parts of the virus named pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to activate the innate defense. One important group of PRRs are retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs), composed in chickens of two cytoplasmic receptors, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), as highlighted in chickens by a recent RNA-Seq analysis ( 14 ). After viral recognition by the PRRs, some pathways are activated to induce the expression of type I interferon (IFN-I), which in turn enhance the expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines ( 15 , 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Host and Pathogen RNA-Seq Analysis Unravels Chicken Genes Potentially Involved in Resistance to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection

et al. 2021

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) cause severe systemic disease and high mortality rates in chickens, leading to a huge economic impact in the poultry sector. However, some chickens are resistant to the disease. This study aimed at evaluating the mechanisms behind HPAIV disease resistance. Chickens of different breeds were challenged with H7N1 HPAIV or clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 HPAIV, euthanized at 3 days post-inoculation (dpi), and classified as resistant or susceptible depending on the following criteria: chickens that presented i) clinical signs, ii) histopathological lesions, and iii) presence of HPAIV antigen in tissues were classified as susceptible, while chickens lacking all these criteria were classified as resistant. Once classified, we performed RNA-Seq from lung and spleen samples in order to compare the transcriptomic signatures between resistant and susceptible chickens. We identified minor transcriptomic changes in resistant chickens in contrast with huge alterations observed in susceptible chickens. Interestingly, six differentially expressed genes were downregulated in resistant birds and upregulated in susceptible birds. Some of these genes belong to the NF-kappa B and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Among these six genes, the serine protease-encoding gene PLAU was of particular interest, being the most significantly downregulated gene in resistant chickens. Expression levels of this protease were further validated by RT-qPCR in a larger number of experimentally infected chickens. Furthermore, HPAIV quasi-species populations were constructed using 3 dpi oral swabs. No substantial changes were found in the viral segments that interact with the innate immune response and with the host cell receptors, reinforcing the role of the immune system of the host in the clinical outcome. Altogether, our results suggest that an early inactivation of important host genes could prevent an exaggerated immune response and/or viral replication, conferring resistance to HPAIV in chickens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Host and Pathogen RNA-Seq Analysis Unravels Chicken Genes Potentially Involved in Resistance to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection

et al. 2021

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“…The pulmonary messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of interferon (IFN-β), IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using oligo(dT) transcribed-cDNA obtained from lung tissue homogenates. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression was quantified by real-time RT-PCR and used for RNA normalization, and the ΔΔCt method (where Ct is threshold cycle) was used to estimate the differential gene expression between samples ( 22 ). Primers for real-time PCR are listed in Table 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Profiles of Highly Pathogenic Pure Avian H7N9 Virus-Infected Lungs of BALB/c Mice

et al. 2020

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Avian influenza A (H7N9) viruses emerged in China in 2013 and caused a zoonotic disease associated with a high case-fatality ratio of more than 30%. Transcriptional profiles obtained using animal models reveal host responses to the disease, thereby providing insights into disease pathogenesis. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the host responses of the H7N9 virus infected-mouse lungs in this study. First, we isolated an avian-originated H7N9 strain, which was shown to be highly pathogenic to both chickens and mice. Genomic analysis results suggested that a 12-nucleotide-insertion was present at the hemagglutinin cleavage site, and both the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes belonged to the Yangtze River Delta lineage. RNA sequencing results revealed 566 differentially expressed genes in the H7N9-infected lungs. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed that over-activated antiviral signals and intense interferon-stimulated gene products possibly contributed to the high virulence of the virus in mice. Importantly, lung concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, interferon-β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, were upregulated in response to H7N9 virus infection. Overall, the present study provided a comprehensive understanding of H7N9 virus pathogenicity and correlated host immune responses.

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“…To activate an antiviral response, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) must recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns [25][26][27]. PRR activation leads to type I interferon (IFN) induction, cytokine secretion, and the activation of antigen-presenting cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Sequencing of the Spleen Reveals Antiviral Response Genes in Chickens Infected with CAstV

Sajewicz-Krukowska

Jastrzebski

Grzybek

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Astrovirus infections pose a significant problem in the poultry industry, leading to multiple adverse effects such as a decreased egg production, breeding disorders, poor weight gain, and even increased mortality. The commonly observed chicken astrovirus (CAstV) was recently reported to be responsible for the “white chicks syndrome” associated with an increased embryo/chick mortality. CAstV-mediated pathogenesis in chickens occurs due to complex interactions between the infectious pathogen and the immune system. Many aspects of CAstV–chicken interactions remain unclear, and there is no information available regarding possible changes in gene expression in the chicken spleen in response to CAstV infection. We aim to investigate changes in gene expression triggered by CAstV infection. Ten 21-day-old SPF White Leghorn chickens were divided into two groups of five birds each. One group was inoculated with CAstV, and the other used as the negative control. At 4 days post infection, spleen samples were collected and immediately frozen at −70 °C for RNA isolation. We analyzed the isolated RNA, using RNA-seq to generate transcriptional profiles of the chickens’ spleens and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The RNA-seq findings were verified by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 31,959 genes was identified in response to CAstV infection. Eventually, 45 DEGs (p-value < 0.05; log2 fold change > 1) were recognized in the spleen after CAstV infection (26 upregulated DEGs and 19 downregulated DEGs). qRT-PCR performed on four genes (IFIT5, OASL, RASD1, and DDX60) confirmed the RNA-seq results. The most differentially expressed genes encode putative IFN-induced CAstV restriction factors. Most DEGs were associated with the RIG-I-like signaling pathway or more generally with an innate antiviral response (upregulated: BLEC3, CMPK2, IFIT5, OASL, DDX60, and IFI6; downregulated: SPIK5, SELENOP, HSPA2, TMEM158, RASD1, and YWHAB). The study provides a global analysis of host transcriptional changes that occur during CAstV infection in vivo and proves that, in the spleen, CAstV infection in chickens predominantly affects the cell cycle and immune signaling.

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Transcriptomic Analysis of the Chicken MDA5 Response Genes

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Dual Host and Pathogen RNA-Seq Analysis Unravels Chicken Genes Potentially Involved in Resistance to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection

Dual Host and Pathogen RNA-Seq Analysis Unravels Chicken Genes Potentially Involved in Resistance to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection

Transcriptome Profiles of Highly Pathogenic Pure Avian H7N9 Virus-Infected Lungs of BALB/c Mice

Transcriptome Sequencing of the Spleen Reveals Antiviral Response Genes in Chickens Infected with CAstV

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